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Jerez de la Frontera is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, in southwestern Spain, situated midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Cádiz Mountains. , the city, the largest in the province, had 212,226 inhabitants; it is the fifth largest in Andalusia. It has become the transportation and communications hub of the province, surpassing even Cádiz, the provincial capital, in economic activity. Jerez de la Frontera is also, in terms of land area, the largest municipality in the province, and its sprawling outlying areas are a fertile zone for agriculture. There are also many cattle ranches and horse-breeding operations, as well as a world-renowned wine industry (Xerez). Currently, Jerez, with 212,226 inhabitants, is the 25th largest city in Spain, the 5th in Andalusia and 1st in the Province of Cádiz. It belongs to the Municipal Association of the Bay of Cádiz (''Mancomunidad de Municipios Bahía de Cádiz''), the 3rd largest Andalusian metropolitan area and the 12th in Spain, with over 650,000 inhabitants. His municipality covers an area of 1188.14 km² (458.7434 mi²) and includes the Los Alcornocales Natural Park and the ''Sierra de Gibalbín'', also known as ''Montes de Propio de Jerez''. The city is located from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Campiña de Jerez, region appropriate to cultivate the vineyards that produce the famous sherry. Some famous places in to the city are Alcazar of Jerez, Church of San Miguel, Charterhouse of Jerez, the Cathedral of San Salvador. Since 1987 the Grand Prix motorcycle racing has been held at the Circuito de Jerez in early May. On this weekend, the city welcomes tens of thousands of bikers from around the world. The same circuit has hosted several Formula 1 Grands Prix, including the 1997 final race of the season, which was marred with controversy for a notable high-profile championship-deciding incident. Other popular festivals in the city are Feria de Jerez or the Holy Week in Jerez. Jerez is known as the city of flamenco, sherry, horses and motorcycles. In 2013, Jerez was the ''European's Wine Capital'' and 2014, it was the ''World's First Motorbikes Capital''. ==Toponym== The name ''Jerez'' goes back to the Phoenician Xera, ''Sèrès'', later Romanized under the name of ''Ceret''; the location of this settlement, however, remains unknown. The classical Latin name of Asta Regia, unrelated to the present name, referred to an ancient city now found within ''Mesas de Asta'', a rural district approximately from the center of Jerez. The current Castilian name came by way of the Arabic name .〔Deroy Louis, & Mulon Marianne (1992) Dictionnaire des noms de lieux, París: Le Robert〕 In former times, during the Muslim occupation of Iberia, it was called Xerez or Xeres. The name of the famous fortified wine, sherry, which originated here (although some argue that it originated in Shiraz, Persia), represents an adaptation of the city's Arabic name, which is pronounced ''Sherish''. ''Frontera'' refers to a Spanish frontier, located on the border between the Moorish and Christian regions of Spain during that period, a regular host to skirmishes and clashes between the two regions. Over two centuries later, after the Castilian conquest of Granada in 1492, Xerez definitely lost its status as a frontier city, but did not lose that designation. After the Kingdom of Castile took Jerez on October 9, 1264, following the name given by the Muslims to the city in the period known as the Reconquista, the city was then called Xerez in medieval Castilian, transcribing the consonant (like the English sh) with the letter , as was the rule at the time. In the 16th century, the consonant changed into the consonant , with the corresponding spelling of ''Jerez''. The old spelling "Xerez" as the name given to the city survived in several foreign languages until very recently, and today continues to influence the name given to sherry: Portuguese ''Xerez'' (:ʃəˈɾɛʃ), Catalan ''Xerès'' (:ʃəˈɾɛs), English ''sherry'' , French ''Xérès'' (:ɡzeʁɛs). The city's main football team continues to use the old spelling, Xerez. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jerez de la Frontera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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