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Sherry (, (スペイン語:Jerez) (:xeˈɾeθ) or (:xeˈɾes)) is a fortified wine made from white grapes that are grown near the town of Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, Spain. Sherry is produced in a variety of styles made primarily from the Palomino grape, ranging from light versions similar to white table wines, such as Manzanilla and Fino, to darker and heavier versions that have been allowed to oxidise as they age in barrel, such as Amontillado and Oloroso. Sweet dessert wines are also made from Pedro Ximenez or Moscatel grapes, and are sometimes blended with Palomino-based Sherries. The word "Sherry" is an anglicisation of Xeres (Jerez). Sherry was previously known as ''sack'', from the Spanish ''saca'', meaning "extraction" from the solera. In Europe, "Sherry" has protected designation of origin status, and under Spanish law, all wine labelled as "Sherry" must legally〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Quality Control - Vintage Direct )〕 come from the Sherry Triangle, an area in the province of Cádiz between Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, and El Puerto de Santa María. In 1933 the Jerez ''Denominación de Origen'' was the first Spanish ''denominación'' to be officially recognised in this way, officially named ''D.O. Jerez-Xeres-Sherry'' and sharing the same governing council as ''D.O. Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda''.〔(Wines From Spain )〕 After fermentation is complete, the base wines are fortified with grape spirit in order to increase their final alcohol content.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CONSEJO REGULADOR DE LAS DD.O. JEREZ, MANZANILLA Y VINAGRE DE JEREZ )〕 Wines classified as suitable for aging as Fino and Manzanilla are fortified until they reach a total alcohol content of 15.5 per cent by volume. As they age in barrel, they develop a layer of flor—a yeast-like growth that helps protect the wine from excessive oxidation. Those wines that are classified to undergo aging as Oloroso are fortified to reach an alcohol content of at least 17 per cent. They do not develop flor and so oxidise slightly as they age, giving them a darker colour. Because the fortification takes place after fermentation, most sherries are initially dry, with any sweetness being added later. In contrast, port wine is fortified halfway through its fermentation, which stops the process so that not all of the sugar is turned into alcohol. Wines from different years are aged and blended using a solera system before bottling, so that bottles of sherry will not usually carry a specific vintage year and can contain a small proportion of very old wine. Sherry is regarded by many wine writers〔Eric Asimov, ("For Overlooked Sherries, Some Respect" ), ''The New York Times'', 9 July 2008.〕 as "underappreciated"〔Karen MacNeil (2001), ''The Wine Bible'' (Workman Publishing, ISBN 978-1-56305-434-1), 537: "the world's most misunderstood and underappreciated wine".〕 and a "neglected wine treasure".〔Jancis Robinson, (Sherry ) (5 September 2008): "The world's most neglected wine treasure".〕 ==History== (詳細はviniculture since wine-making was introduced to Spain by the Phoenicians in 1100 BC. The practice was carried on by the Romans when they took control of Iberia around 200 BC. The Moors conquered the region in AD 711 and introduced distillation, which led to the development of brandy and fortified wine. During the Moorish period, the town was called ''Sherish'' (a transliteration of the Arabic شريش), from which both ''Sherry'' and ''Jerez'' are derived. Wines similar in style to Sherry have traditionally been made in the city of Shiraz in mid-southern Iran, but it is thought unlikely that the name derives from there.〔Maclean, Fitzroy. ''Eastern Approaches''. (1949). Reprint: The Reprint Society Ltd., London, 1951, p. 215〕 Wine production continued through five centuries of Arab Empire's rule. In 966, Al-Hakam II, the second Caliph of Córdoba, ordered the destruction of the vineyards, but the inhabitants of Jerez appealed on the grounds that the vineyards also produced raisins to feed the empire's soldiers, and the Caliph spared two-thirds of the vineyards. In 1264 Alfonso X of Castile took the city. From this point on, the production of sherry and its export throughout Europe increased significantly. By the end of the 16th century, sherry had a reputation in Europe as the world's finest wine. Christopher Columbus brought sherry on his voyage to the New World and when Ferdinand Magellan prepared to sail around the world in 1519, he spent more on sherry than on weapons. Sherry became very popular in Great Britain, especially after Francis Drake sacked Cadiz in 1587. At that time Cadiz was one of the most important Spanish seaports, and Spain was preparing an armada there to invade England. Among the spoils Drake brought back after destroying the fleet were 2,900 barrels of sherry that had been waiting to be loaded aboard Spanish ships. This helped to popularize Sherry in the British Isles.〔.〕 Because sherry was a major wine export to the United Kingdom, many English companies and styles developed. Many of the Jerez cellars were founded by British families. In 1894 the Jerez region was devastated by the insect phylloxera. Whereas larger vineyards were replanted with resistant vines, most smaller producers were unable to fight the infestation and abandoned their vineyards entirely. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sherry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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