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| website = (Arabic, French, Spanish, English ) }} Al-Manar (Arabic:المنار ''al-Manār'';English: ''the beacon'') is a Lebanese satellite television station affiliated with Hezbollah,〔(Germany bans Hezbollah's al-Manar TV Channel ) 21 November 2008, Ya Libnan〕 broadcasting from Beirut, Lebanon. Al-Manar was designated as a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity," and banned by the United States on 17 December 2004. It has also been banned by France, Spain and Germany,〔Commission of the European Communities (Commission document SEC (2006) 160 ) Retrieved 31 July 2006〕 and has run into some service and license problems outside Lebanon,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Commission Of The European Communities )〕 making it unavailable in the Netherlands,〔Radio Netherlands Worldwide Blog (Iranian commentator reacts to Dutch ban on two satellite TV stations ) Retrieved 30 July 2006〕〔Radio Netherlands Worldwide Blog (Two Islamic TV stations banned in the Netherlands ) Retrieved 30 July 2006〕 Canada and Australia〔ABA News Release NR 135/2004 22 October 2004 (ABA investigation into Al Manar programming on TARBS ) Retrieved 15 August 2006〕 while it has not officially been banned in any of these regions. ==History== Al-Manar first began terrestrial broadcasting from Beirut, Lebanon on 4 June 1991. By 2000, the station began broadcasting via satellite at a cost that was a couple of million dollars. The station was located in the Shi'a-controlled neighborhood Haret Hreik in the southern suburbs of Beirut, where the Hezbollah is also headquartered.〔 Originally, the station employed only a few men that had studied media in London during the mid-1980s. But almost a year later, Al-Manar was employing over 150 people.〔 Initially, Al Manar would broadcast only five hours per day. Shortly before the 1992 election, it began broadcasting regular news bulletins in order to help Hezbollah attain more votes and spread its message to more people. In 1993, the station expanded its broadcasting to seven hours a day and extended its signal to the southern part of the Bekaa Valley. Ahead of the 1996 Lebanese parliamentary elections, additional antennas were erected in Northern Lebanon and throughout the Mount Lebanon range, so that the station could be viewed not only in Lebanon, but also in western Syria and northern Israel. Broadcasting was extended to 20 hours in 1998 but reduced to 18 hours in 2000. In 1996, the Lebanese government granted broadcasting licenses to only five television stations, not including Al-Manar. Approximately 50 stations were forced to close at the time. Several stations appealed the government's decision, but only four of them were finally granted licenses, one of which was Al-Manar. On 18 September, the Lebanese Cabinet decided to grant Al-Manar a license after having been requested to do so by then Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad. Al-Manar received the license in July 1997. According to the US department of treasury, Al Manar is the media arm of the Hezbollah.〔()〕 The station manager Muhammad Afif Ahmad, said that Al Manar belongs to Hezbollah culturally and politically.〔''The Washington Post'', 19 June 1995, Al-Manar: Hizbullah TV, 24/7, Avi Jorisch, ''Middle East Quarterly'' Winter 2004, pp. 17–31〕 By 2004, Al Manar was estimated to hold 10-15 million viewers daily worldwide. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Manar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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