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An empanada ((:empaˈnaða); also called pastel in Portuguese and pate in Haitian Creole) is a stuffed bread or pastry baked or fried in many countries in Latin Europe, Latin America, the Southwestern United States, and parts of Southeast Asia. The name comes from the Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish verb ''empanar'', meaning to wrap or coat in bread. Empanadas are made by folding dough or bread with stuffing consisting of a variety of meat, cheese, ''huitlacoche'', vegetables, fruits, and others. == Origins == Empanadas trace back their origins to Portugal, and the northwest region of Spain, called Galicia, (Spain).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.produccion-animal.com.ar/temas_historia/76-empanadas.pdf )〕〔Penelope Casas (1982), ''The Food, Wines, and Cheeses of Spain'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1982 (p. 52)〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fac.org.ar/fec/foros/cardtran/gral/Historia.htm )〕 They first appeared in Portugal around the time of the establishment of trade routes to India and the establishment of a Portuguese Colony at Goa, and believed to have been derived or influenced by the Indian Gujia or Samosa, known in Lisbon as the Chamuça da Goa.〔:pt:Chamuça〕 They first appeared in medieval Iberia during the time of the Moorish invasions. A cookbook published in Catalan in 1520, ''Libre del Coch'' by Ruperto de Nola, mentions empanadas filled with seafood in the recipes for Catalan, Italian, French, and Arabian food. In turn, empanadas and the similar calzones are both believed to be derived from the Indian meat-filled pies, ''samosas''.〔Clifford A. Wright (1999), ''A Mediterranean Feast'', William Morrow, New York (p. 573)〕 All these pastries have common origins: India and the Middle East.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=26 January 2015 )〕 In Galicia and Portugal, empanada is prepared similarly to a large pie which is then cut into pieces to make it a portable and hearty meal for people at work. The fillings for the Galician and Portuguese empanadas are usually either tuna, sardines, or chorizo, but can also contain cod or pork loin. The meat or fish is mixed with sauce made of tomato, garlic, and onion. Due to the Portuguese colonization in Brazil and a large number of Galician immigrants in Latin America, the ''empadas'' and ''empanadas gallegas'' has also become popular in those areas. In Sardinia, whose culture has Iberian influences from the long rule of the Crown of Aragon over the island, the salad cake type is named ''sa panada'' (meaning "meat ball cake"), or ''impadas''. Empanada was introduced to Brazil and Indonesia by the Portuguese colonizers and it still remains as a popular dish. It has also been introduced to Hispanic America and the Philippines by the Spanish colonizers. Empanadas in Latin America, the Philippines, and Indonesia have various fillings, as follows. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「empanada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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