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Damnation (from Latin ''damnatio'') is the concept of divine punishment and torment in an afterlife for actions committed on Earth. In Ancient Egyptian religious tradition, citizens would recite the 42 negative confessions of Maat as their heart was weighed against the feather of truth. If the citizen's heart was heavy with guilt, they would face torment in a lake of fire. Zoroastrianism developed an eschatological concept of a Last Judgment called Frashokereti where the dead will be raised and the righteous wade though a river of milk while the wicked will be burned in a river of molten metal. Abrahamic religions such as Christianity have similar concepts of believers facing judgement on a last day to determine if they will spend eternity in Gehenna or heaven for their sin . A damned human "in damnation" is said to be either in Gehenna, or living in a state wherein they are divorced from Heaven and/or in a state of disgrace from God's favor. In traditional Abrahamic demonology, the Devil rules Gehenna, where he and his demons punish the damned. Following the religious meaning, the words ''damn'' and ''goddamn'' are a common form of religious profanity, in modern times often semantically weakened to the status of mere interjections. ==Etymology== Classical Latin ''damnum'' means "damage, cost, expense; penalty, fine", ultimately from a PIE root '' *dap-''. The verb ''damnare'' in Roman law acquired a legal meaning of "to pronounce judgement upon". The word enters Middle English usage from Old French in the early 14th century. The secular meaning survives in English "to condemn" (in a court of law), or "damning criticism". The noun ''damnation'' itself is mostly reserved for the religious sense in Modern English, while ''condemnation'' remains common in secular usage. During the 18th century and until about 1930, the use of ''damn'' as an expletive was considered a severe profanity and was mostly avoided in print. The expression "not worth a damn" is recorded in 1802. The use of ''damn'' as an adjective, short for ''damned'', is recorded in 1775. ''Damn Yankee'' (a Southern US term for "Northerner") dates back to 1812. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「damnation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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