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Profanity, as defined by Merriam-Webster, is "an offensive word" or "offensive language".〔"(Definition of Profanity )", Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved on 2014-08-31.〕 It is also called bad language, strong language, coarse language, foul language, bad words, vulgar language, lewd language, swearing, cursing, cussing, or using expletives. This use is a subset of a language's lexicon that is generally considered to be strongly impolite, rude or offensive. It can show a debasement of someone or something, or show intense emotion. Profanity in this sense takes the form of words or verbal expressions that fall into the category of formulaic language. In its older, more literal sense, the term "profanity" refers to "offensive words, or religious words", used in a way that shows the user does not respect "God or holy things", or behaviour showing similar disrespect.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Definition of profanity )〕 ==Etymology== The term "profane" originates from classical Latin "profanus", literally "before (outside) the temple". It carried the meaning of either "desecrating what is holy" or "with a secular purpose" as early as the 1450s CE.〔Oxford English Dictionary Online, "profane", retrieved 2012-02-14〕 Profanity represented secular indifference to religion or religious figures, while blasphemy was a more offensive attack on religion and religious figures, considered sinful, and a direct violation of The Ten Commandments. Moreover, many Bible verses speak against swearing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bad Words (the Bible ) )〕 Profanities, in the original meaning of ''blasphemous profanity'', are part of the ancient tradition of the comic cults, which laughed and scoffed at the deity or deities.〔Bakhtin 1941, "introduction", p.5-6〕〔Meletinsky, Eleazar Moiseevich ''(The Poetics of Myth )'' (Translated by Guy Lanoue and Alexandre Sadetsky) 2000 Routledge ISBN 0-415-92898-2 p.110〕 An example from ''Gargantua and Pantagruel'' is "Christ, look ye, its ''Mere de'' ... ''merde'' ... shit, Mother of God."〔François Rabelais, ''Gargantua'' book, chap. XVII; in French the words ''mère de'' (meaning "mother of") sound like ''merde'', which means "shit".〕〔(Full text of Chapter 16 )〕〔Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhaĭlovich (1984) (''Rabelais and His World'', p. 190. Indiana University Press. ) At Google Books Retrieved 11 August 2013.〕 In English, swear words and curse words tend to have Germanic, rather than Latin etymology. "Shit" has a Germanic root, as, probably, does "fuck".〔Oxford English Dictionary〕 The more technical alternatives are often Latin in origin, such as "defecate" or "excrete", and "fornicate" or "copulate". Strong language is by no means a recent phenomenon. The Bible records instances, such as mention of men who "eat their own dung, and drink their own piss" in the Authorized King James Version of 1611's translation of Hebrew text of 2 Kings 18:27. Shakespeare is replete with vulgarisms, though many are no longer readily recognized. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「profanity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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