|
Bearberries are three species of dwarf shrubs in the genus ''Arctostaphylos''. Unlike the other species of ''Arctostaphylos'' (see manzanita), they are adapted to Arctic and Subarctic climates, and have a circumpolar distribution in northern North America, Asia and Europe, one with a small highly disjunctive population in Central America. ==Species== The name "bearberry" for the plant derives from the edible fruit which is a favorite food of bears. The fruit, also called bearberries, are edible and are sometimes gathered as food for humans. The leaves of the plant are used in herbal medicine.〔Pegg, Ronald B.; Rybarczyk, Anna and Amarowicz, Ryszard (2008) ("Chromatographic Separation of Tannin Fractions from a Bearberry-leaf (Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi L. Sprengel) Extract by Se-hplc – a Short Report" ) ''Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences'' 58(4): pp. 485–490〕 * Alpine bearberry: ''Arctostaphylos alpina'' (L.) Spreng (syn. ''Arctous alpinus'' (L.) Niedenzu). A procumbent shrub high. Leaves not winter green, but dead leaves persist on stems for several years. Berries dark purple to black. Distribution: circumpolar, at high latitudes, from Scotland east across Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland; southern limits in Europe in the Pyrenees and the Alps, in Asia to the Altay Mountains, and in North America to British Columbia in the west, and Maine and New Hampshire in the United States in the east. * Red bearberry: ''Arctostaphylos rubra'' (Rehd. & Wilson) Fernald (syn. ''Arctous rubra'' (Rehder and E.H. Wilson) Nakai; ''Arctous alpinus'' var. ''ruber'' Rehd. and Wilson). A procumbent shrub high. Leaves deciduous, falling in autumn to leave bare stems. Berries red. Distribution: in the mountains of Sichuan, southwestern China north and east to eastern Siberia, Alaska and northern Canada east to northern Quebec. * Common bearberry: ''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi'' (L.) Spreng. Other recorded old English common names include arberry, bear's grape, crowberry, foxberry, hog cranberry, kinnikinnick, mealberry, mountain box, mountain cranberry, mountain tobacco, sandberry, upland cranberry, and uva-ursi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bearberry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|