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Walton-on-Thames is a town on the River Thames in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey. An outlying suburb of London, the town is centred south west of Charing Cross and is between the towns of Weybridge (to the south-west) and Molesey (to the north-east). Its waterside has the Thames Path National Trail between Sunbury Lock and Shepperton Lock. Its own localities include Ashley Park and Field Common. Its station on the South West Main Line has proven important to its development — its services run with a minimum of one stop before London Waterloo station. The town is divided into four wards and is a local hub in terms of retail and services. == History == The name "Walton" is Anglo-Saxon in origin and is cognate with the common phonetic combination meaning "Briton settlement" (literally, "Welsh Town" - weal(as) tun). Before the Romans and the Saxons were present, a Celtic settlement was here. The most common Old English word for the Celtic inhabitants was the "Wealas" originally meaning "foreigners" or "strangers". William Camden identified Cowey Stakes or Sale, Walton as the place where Julius Caesar forded the River Thames on his second invasion of Britain, which stakes the Venerable Bede spoke of remaining in his time. A fisherman removed several stakes about thigh-width and made of wood that was very black and hard enough to turn an axe, shod with iron, which he sold to John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich, who used to come to the neighbouring Shepperton bank to fish, for half a guinea a piece.〔Allen, Thomas 〕 Elmbridge Museum requires definitive evidence of these stakes, the evidence at present limited to pre 20th-century secondary sources that conflict as to detail. Walton lay within the Anglo-Saxon quasi-administrative district, Elmbridge hundred in the shire (later county) of Surrey. Walton appears in the ''Domesday Book'' of 1086 as "Waletona". The settlement was held jointly as overlords in the feudal system by Edward de Sarisber (Salisbury) and Richard de Tonbrige. Its ''Domesday'' assets were: 6 hides; 1 church (St. Mary's), 2 mills worth £1 5s 0d, 1 fishery worth 5s, 14 ploughs, of meadow, supporting 50 hogs. It rendered £28.〔 The nucleus of the village is in the north, while later development took place in the southern manors on all sides of the railway station — approximately half of the land was south of the South Western Main Line which was from west to east Walton Heath, Burwood manor and Hersham manor, which all became administratively the independent parish and thus official village of Hersham in the 19th century.〔(Parish of Hersham ) Accessed 2015-06-04〕 On a smaller scale, the majority of Oatlands village which is to the south-west was in the parish until its independence.〔 St. Mary's Parish Church has some Saxon material and an architectural structure of the 12th century, with later additions. The square flint tower, supported by a 19th-century brick buttress has a working ring of eight bells, the oldest bearing the date 1606. In the north aisle is a large monument (1755) by the French rococo sculptor and bust maker Roubiliac to Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, commander-in-chief in Ireland seated at the former manor and house of Ashley Park in the parish which was demolished and its many acres sub-divided in 1920.〔St Mary's Church, Grade I listing entry, 〕 Also in the north aisle a brass to John Selwyn (1587) keeper of Oatlands Park, with figures of himself, his wife and eleven children. An unusual relic kept in the church is a copy of a scold's bridle presented to the parish in the seventeenth century, which is mentioned in Jerome K Jerome's classic 'Three Men in a Boat'. The royal palace of Oatlands, built by Henry VIII in 1538, was a mile upstream to the west. John Bradshaw lived in the Tudor manor house in the 17th century. He presided at Charles I's trial. An Inclosure Act 1800 enabled to be enclosed (privatised from common land or manorial land subjected to agrarian rights of others) of the Walton manors which included holdings at Chertsey and of arable common fields. A School Board was formed in 1878. A previously existing school was enlarged in 1881. The infant school was built in 1884. The Methodist Church with a spire taller than the tower of the Anglican Church was built in 1887. The Baptist Church was built in 1901.〔 A now demolished Public Hall, in High Street, was built by Mrs. Sassoon in 1879 who was seated at Ashley Park House at the time.〔 During World War I, troops from New Zealand were hospitalised in the now-demolished Mount Felix House. They are remembered by a memorial in the cemetery, where those who died at Mount Felix are buried, and one in St Mary's Church where an annual service of remembrance is held. They are also remembered in the street-name New Zealand Avenue, the Wellington Pub (formerly The Kiwi), and a small memorial in the Homebase car park. In World War II, owing largely to the proximity of important aircraft factories at nearby Brooklands, the town was bombed on various occasions by the Luftwaffe. On 27 September 1940, fighter pilot F/Sgt. Charles Sydney, who was based with 92 Squadron at RAF Biggin Hill, died when his Spitfire (R6767) crashed in Station Avenue. He was buried in Orpington and is commemorated today by a memorial plaque close to the crash site. Hersham and Walton Motors (HWM) constructed its own racing car in the early 1950s. Stirling Moss competed in his first Formula One Grand Prix in an HWM. HWM was the world's first Aston Martin dealership that diversified into Alfa Romeo in 2009. Ashley Park Golf Club was laid out in the 1890s, which ceased to exist prior to 1918.〔(“Ashley Park Golf Club” ), “Golf’s Missing Links”.〕 Burwood Park Golf Club was laid out in the 1890s in the half-century-old breakaway bounds of Hersham and continues. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Walton-on-Thames」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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