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Tongliao
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・ Tonglu, West Bengal
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Tongliao : ウィキペディア英語版
Tongliao
· }}
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|settlement_type =Prefecture-level city
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|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption = view along Liao River
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|image_map = China Inner Mongolia Tongliao.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Tongliao City (red) in Inner Mongolia (orange)
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|pushpin_map = Inner Mongolia
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Inner Mongolia
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|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = Inner Mongolia
|seat_type = Municipal seat
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|population_total = 3139153
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|timezone = China Standard
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|latd= 43 |latm= 37 |latNS= N
|longd= 122 |longm= 16 |longEW= E

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|website = http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/
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}}
Tongliao (; ) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is and population is 3,139,153 (as of 2010); the city proper has 898,895 inhabitants (2010).〔(Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China )〕 The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jirem League (; ).
The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city proper (i.e. Horqin District) is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the prefecture-level city is ''Jirem''. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian.
==History==
Human settlement in Tongliao and surrounding Khorchin area dates from at least 1000 BC. The Donghu people, a tribe who spoke a proto-Mongolian language, settled in today's Tongliao area, north of Yan during Warring States period〔Watson (1993), p. 132.〕. their culture was associated with the Upper Xiajiadian culture, characterized by the practice of agriculture and animal husbandry supplemented by handicrafts and bronze art.〔Lin (2007)〕 Later, the Tongliao area was controlled by Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Khitan tribes.
After the Mongolian Khanate had established the Yuan Dynasty in Chinese territory, Tongliao was put under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang province, whose provincial capital was in today's Liaoning Province. In the early Qing period, Khorchin, Dörbod, Jalaid and Gorlos tribes met in Jirem to establish an alliance, and the Jirem League was founded in 1636 to administer Khorchin territory. The Jirem League had jurisdiction over six Khorchin banners, two Gorlos banners, one Dorbod banner and one Jalaid banner. During the Republican period, the Jirem League and the surrounding Khorchin area was controlled by the Fengtian and Liaoning provinces.
In 1918, Tongliao County was first established under the administration of the Jirem League and Fengtian province. After the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria in 1931, a Japanese-controlled puppet state Manchukuo was established in Hsinking, 280 kilometers away from today's Tongliao urban area. The Manchukuo government set up Xing'an Province and soon divided it into four parts, in order to govern the western part of former Heilongjiang, Jilin and Fengtian provinces. These Xing'an provinces roughly overlap today's eastern part of Inner Mongolia, including today's Hulunbuir League, Xingan League, Chifeng and Tongliao. After the dissolution of the Manchukuo state, the Jirem League was governed by Liaoning and Liaobei provinces until Ulanhu established Inner Mongolia in Ulanhot, governing eastern Mongolian areas including the Hulunbuir, Jirem and Ju'ud leagues. After 1969, the Jirem League was put under the administration of Jilin province administration for 10 years until 1979. In 1999, the Jirem League became defunct and changed its name to Tongliao city, which was set up a prefecture-level city.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Tongliao」の詳細全文を読む



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