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''Phaseolus'' (bean, wild bean) is a genus in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mexico. At least four of the species have been domesticated since pre-Columbian times for their beans. Most prominent among these is the common bean, ''P. vulgaris'', which today is cultivated worldwide in tropical, semitropical, and temperate climates. Previous classifications placed in this genus a number of other well-known species that have now been removed to genus ''Vigna'', sometimes necessitating a change of species name. For example, older literature refers to the mung bean as ''Phaseolus aureus'', whereas more modern sources classify it as ''Vigna radiata''. Similarly, the snail bean ''Vigna caracalla'' was discovered in 1753 and in 1970 moved from ''Phaseolus'' to ''Vigna''. The modern understanding of ''Phaseolus'' indicates a genus endemic to the New World alone. ''Phaseolus'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including common swift, garden dart, ghost moth ''Hypercompe albicornis'', ''H. icasia'' and the nutmeg. ==Etymology== The generic name ''Phaseolus'' was introduced by Linnaeus in 1753,〔Linnaeus, ''Species Plantarum'' 2:623, cited in Oxford English Dictionary (''s.v.'' 'phaseolin' )〕 borrowed from the Latin ''phaseolus'' a combination of ''phasēlus'' and the diminutive suffix ''(-olus )'', in turn borrowed from Greek φάσηλος 'cowpea'〔Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' (s.v. φάσηλος )〕 (often incorrectly glossed as 'kidney bean', a New World crop), whose ultimate origin is unknown.〔Oxford English Dictionary (''s.v.'' 'phaseolin' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phaseolus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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