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Mesothelae
Mesothelae is a suborder of spiders (Order Araneae) that includes the extinct families Arthrolycosidae and Arthromygalidae and the only extant family Liphistiidae.
This suborder is thought to form the sister group to all other living spiders. Recent Mesothelae are characterized by the narrow sternum on the ventral side of the prosoma. Several plesiomorphic characteristics may be useful in recognizing these spiders: there are tergite plates on the dorsal side and the almost-median position of the spinnerets on the ventral side of the opisthosoma. Although it has been claimed that they lack venom glands and ducts, which almost all other spiders feature,〔Haupt, J. (2004). The Mesothelae — a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae). ''Zoologica'' 154:8 , ISBN 3-510-55041-2 ((Abstract) )〕 subsequent works have demonstrated that at least some, possibly all, do in fact have both the glands and ducts.〔Rainer Foelix and Bruno Erb, Mesothelae have venom glands. Journal of Arachnology 38(3):596-598. 2010 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/B10-30.1〕 All Mesothelae have eight spinnerets in four pairs. Like mygalomorph spiders, they have two pairs of book lungs.〔Scharff, N. & Enghoff, H. (2005). Arachnida. ''Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen''.〕
The Heptathelidae were once considered their own family; today they are considered a subfamily of the Liphistiidae (i.e. as Heptathelinae). Unlike all other extant mesothelians, heptathelines do not have fishing lines in front of the entrances to the burrows that they construct, making them more difficult to find. They also have a paired receptaculum (unpaired in other liphistiids), and have a conductor in their palpal organ. These long palps can confusingly look like an extra pair of legs, a mistake also made of some solifugids.
==Distribution==
Liphistiinae spiders are distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, the Malayan peninsula, and Sumatra. Heptathelinae are found in Vietnam, the Eastern provinces of China, and Southern Japan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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