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In Greek mythology, Iolë () was the daughter of Eurytus, king of the city Oechalia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Apollodorus. ''The Library'' )〕 According to the brief epitome by the so-called Apollodorus, Eurytus had a beautiful young daughter named Iole who was eligible for marriage. Iole was claimed by Heracles for a bride, but Eurytus refused her hand in marriage. Iole was indirectly the cause of Heracles's death because of his wife's jealousy of her.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Apollodorus. the library'' Book 2 translation by Frazer )〕 There are different versions of the mythology of Iole from many ancient sources. The ''Bibliotheca'' gives the most complete story followed by slight variations of his from Seneca and Ovid.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Seneca ''Hercules Oetaeus'', translation by Frank Justus Miller )〕 Other ancient sources (i.e. Diodorus Siculus, Gaius Julius Hyginus, and Pseudo-Plutarch) have similar information on Iole with additional variations. ==Heracles' love for Iole leads to his death== Apollodorus says one day Eurytus promised Iole to whoever could beat him and his sons in an archery contest. Eurytus was an expert archer and taught his sons his knowledge of the bow and arrow. The sons of the king shot their arrows and hit their targets. In fact, they shot so well that they beat all the others from the kingdom. Heracles heard of the prize and eagerly entered the contest for he very much wanted Iole. Heracles shot and hit the bullseye and even beat Eurytus's scores. The irony is Eurytus years earlier had taught Heracles to become an archer.〔 When the king realized that Heracles was winning, he stopped the contest and would not allow him to participate. Eurytus was aware that Heracles had killed his previous wife, Megara, and their children. He was afraid that Heracles would very likely kill Iole and any grandsons she may have should Heracles get into a mad rage again. Although Heracles had won the contest fair and square, he was not entitled to the prize because of his reputation. Eurytus broke his promise to give the royal daughter to the winner of the archery contest. Iphitos urged his father to reconsider, but Eurytus did not alter his decision. Heracles had not left the city yet when Eurytus's mares were run off, presumably by Autolycus, a notorious thief. Iphitos asked Heracles to help find them, which he agreed to do. Heracles, in one of his fits, got frustrated with the complete mess and hurled Iphitos over the city walls, murdering him.〔 Diodorus Siculus gives an additional input at this point that it was Heracles himself that drove off the mares of Eurytus in revenge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Diodorus Siculus. ''Library of History'', Heracles, Eurytus and Iole (& 2 ) )〕 Heracles had failed in his courtship to win Iole.〔Pseudo-Plutarch, Iola and Clusia.〕 After the archery contest, Heracles went to Calydon, where, on the steps of the temple, he saw Deianira, Prince Meleager's sister. Heracles forgot about Iole, at least for the time being, as Deianira was a prospect for his new children that he very much wanted. He wooed her, eventually won her over, and ultimately married her. Heracles acquired a kingdom at this time. He was still angry at Eurytus for not giving up Iole, the promised prize. Heracles was now in control of an army and went about to kill Eurytus in revenge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Apollodorus, Library and Epitome )〕 Hyginus adds to the story at this point that Heracles not only eventually murdered Iole's father Eurytus, but he murdered Iole's brothers and other relatives as well.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The Myths of Hyginus, translated and edited by Mary Grant )〕 Heracles ransacked Oechalia and overthrew its walls.〔 Iole threw herself down from the high city wall to escape. It turned out that the garment she was wearing opened up and acted like a parachute which softened her landing. She was not hurt from the descent.〔 Heracles captured and took Iole unwillingly captive as his concubine.〔 While his wife Deianira did not like that Iole had become Heracles's concubine, she forebore to object and tolerated it temporarily.〔 Deianira feared she would lose Heracles to the younger and more beautiful Iole.〔 Years earlier, the centaur Nessus had ferried her across the river Evenus and attempted to rape her when on the other side. Heracles saved her from Nessus by shooting him with poisoned arrows.〔Ovid. ''Metamorphoses'', 9. 129 & 158 ff (translation Melville).〕 She had kept some of Nessus' blood, because he had told her with his dying breath that if she were to give Heracles a cloak (chiton) soaked in his blood that it would be a love charm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Ovid. ''Heroides'', 9 (Deianira). )〕 Deianira, being concerned by Heracles's infidelity, believed Nessus’ lie that Heracles would no longer desire any other woman after he was under the spell of the love philter.〔Pseudo-Apollodorus. ''Bibliotheca'', 2.157.〕 This seemed like the perfect solution to her problem to reclaim her husband's love from him Iole, the foreign concubine. The cloak was delivered to Heracles and when he put it on the poison went into his body.〔 Deianira had unwittingly poisoned her husband with this purported love potion because of her sadness over her husband's unfaithfulness. Upon realizing the mistake she had made, she ultimately killed herself.〔 Because of his love for his concubine Iole, Heracles asked that his eldest son, Hyllus, marry her so that she would be well taken care of.〔 Iole and Hyllus had a son called Cleodaeus,〔Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'', 3. 15. 10; Plutarch, ''Pyrrhus'', 1〕 and also three daughters, Evaechme,〔Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'', 4. 2. 1〕 Aristaechme, and Hyllis.〔(Lyons, Deborah. Gender and Immortality: Appendix - A Catalogue of Heroines ) (with references to Hesiod, Fragment 251a for Aristaechme and Ibycus, Fragment 282a for Hyllis). Respecting Hyllis, see also Zeuxippus〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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