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Deianira, Deïanira, or Deianeira〔"Hercules" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1911.〕 (; , ''Dēiáneira'', or , ''Dēáneira'', (:dɛːiáneːra)), also known as Dejanira,〔"" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1878.〕 is a figure in Greek mythology whose name translates as "man-destroyer"〔P. Walcot, "Greek Attitudes towards Women: The Mythological Evidence" Rome'', 2nd Series, 31:1:43 (April 1984); (at JSTOR )〕 or "destroyer of her husband".〔Koine. Y. (editor in chief), ''Kenkyusha's New English-Japanese Dictionary'', 5th ed., Kenkyusha, 1980, p.551.〕 The name Deianira refers to two separate characters in Greek mythology. The better-known Deianira was a wife of Heracles and, in late Classical accounts, his unwitting murderer, killing him with the poisoned Shirt of Nessus. She is the main character in the play ''Women of Trachis'' by Sophocles. Deianira is also the name of an Amazon killed by Heracles during his ninth labour, the quest for the girdle of Hippolyta.〔(Diodorus Siculus, ''Library of History'', 4.16.3 )〕 == Marriage == Deianira was the daughter of Dionysus and Althaea with the consent of her husband Oeneus (whose name means "wine-man"), the king of Calydon (after the wine-god gave the king the vine to cultivate), and the half-sister of Meleager. She also was said to have become the mother of Macaria (who saved the Athenians from defeat by Eurystheus). One version of a late Classical tale relates that she was of such striking beauty that both Heracles and Achelous wanted to marry her and there was a contest to win her hand. Her father had already betrothed her to the fearsome river god Achelous, horned and bull-like. Deianira was not passive, however, and she wanted nothing to do with her suitor, who was able to take the form of a speckled serpent, a bull-headed man, or a bull. Heracles, the greatest hero of the dawning Classical Olympian world of deities and men, had to defeat the river god to win her as his bride. In another version of her tale, Deianira is instead the daughter of Dexamenus, king of Olenus. Heracles violates her and promises to come back and marry her. While he is away, the centaur Eurytion appears, demanding her as his wife. Her father, being afraid, agrees. Heracles returns before the marriage and slays the centaur, claiming his bride.〔(Hyginus, ''Fabulae'', 31 )〕 Deianira was associated with combat, and is described as someone who "drove a chariot and practiced the art of war"〔Bibliotecha I.8.1〕 Robert Graves interpreted the association with war as a relationship with the pre-Olympian war goddess, Athene, who was an orgiastic bride in many local sacred marriages to kings who may have been sacrificed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deianira」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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