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Baiae
Baiae (in modern Italian Baia), a ''frazione'' of the ''comune'' of Bacoli in the Campania region of Italy, was a Roman seaside resort on the Bay of Naples. It was said to have been named after Baius, who was supposedly buried there. Baiae was for several hundred years a fashionable resort, especially towards the end of the Roman Republic. Baiae was even more popular than Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Capri with the super-rich, notorious for the hedonistic temptations on offer, and for rumours of scandal and corruption. Baiae was an integral part of Portus Julius, home port of the western Imperial Fleet of ancient Rome.
Baiae was sacked by Muslim raiders in the 8th century AD and was deserted because of malaria by 1500. Because the coast subsided, largely due to local volcanic activity, most of Baiae is now under water in the Bay of Naples.
==Medicinal springs==
Excavations at the ancient site of Baiae show that the city was host to an important region for thermo-mineral bathing in antiquity. Baiae had been built on the Cumaean peninsula, which was an active volcanic area, known as the Phlegraean Fields, the "fields devoured by fire". Baiae hosted numerous baths filled with warm mineral water directed to pools from sulfur springs underground. Roman engineers were even able to construct a complex system of chambers that channeled heat underground into bathing facilities that acted as saunas. These baths were used not only for relaxation, but often also to treat various illnesses. Roman physicians would often attend their patients at these hot springs.〔Yegül, Fikret K. "The Thermo-Mineral Complex at Baiae and De Balneis Puteolanis." ''The Art Bulletin'' 78.1 (1996): 137-61.〕
One of the bathing complexes on the hillside included the Temple of Echo (erroneously, since the 17th century, also called the Temple of Mercury〔(The thermo-mineral complex at Baiae and De Balneis Puteolanis )〕) housing a pool. The building was so named for the way sound echoed around the dome, which at about 21.5 m (71 ft) in diameter was the largest dome in the world until the construction of the Pantheon in Rome in 128AD.〔R. Mark and P. Hutchinson, "On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon", ''Art Bulletin'' 68, March 1986, p.24; (The Ancient Baths of Baiae )〕
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