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The house of Baban (1649–1850) ruled a Kurdish principality which encompassed areas of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan and western Iran from the early 17th century until 1850. The Baban principality played an active role in Ottoman-Persian conflict. The founder of the princely Baban family is thought to be Ahmad Faqih or Faqi Ahmad from the district of Pijder.〔W. Behn, (Baban ), Encyclopaedia Iranica〕 The Babans claimed descent from a Frankish woman, Keghan, who was taken prisoner in a battle. According to the ''Sharafnama'' the clan's first chief was Pir Badak Babe, who is believed to have lived around 1500.〔M. Th. Houtsma, A.J. Wensinck, H.A.R. Gibb, W. Heffening and E. Levi-Provencal, First encyclopaedia of Islam (1993), Vol.VII, p.538, BRILL Publishers〕 Baban princes retained some autonomy in return for providing security for the Ottoman Empire along the Iranian border. Sulaiman Beg was the first Baban prince to gain control of the province of Shahrizor and its capital, Kirkuk. He invaded Iran, defeating forces from the principality of Ardalan in 1694. Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II assigned him the district of Baban, which included the town of Kirkuk.〔Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters (2009), ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'', p.70, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 9781438110257〕 The city of Sulaimaniyah was founded by Baban prince Mahmud Pasha in 1781.〔W. Behn, (Baban ), Encyclopaedia Iranica〕 Baban rulers encouraged cultural and literary activities in their domain. During the first half of the 19th century a school of poetry was established under Baban patronage, of which classical Kurdish poet Nali was the central figure.〔Farhad Shakely, ''The Kurdish Qasida'' in Stefan Sperl, P. M. Kurpershoek, C. Shackle (1996), ''The Poetry of Ad-Dindān: A Bedouin Bard in Southern Najd'', p.337, BRILL〕 Baban princes aided Ottoman forces in Iranian wars from 1723–1746. From 1750 to 1847, Baban history was dominated by rivalries with other Kurdish principalities (such as Soran and Bohtan) and its opposition to centralization by the Ottomans and the Qajars.〔W. Behn, (Baban ), Encyclopaedia Iranica〕 The principality was destroyed during the mid-19th century Ottoman modernization period. The Baban revolt lasted for three years, but was defeated by a coalition of Ottoman forces and Kurdish tribes. Ahmed Pasha Baban, the last Baban ruler, was defeated near Koya in 1847 and the region of Shahrazur was annexed to the Ottoman Empire. The last Baban prince left Sulaimaniya in 1850, after fighting the Turks for the independence of southern Kurdistan.〔Ely Banister Soane (2007), ''To Mesopotamia and Kurdistan in Disguise'', p.371, Cosimo, Inc.〕 ==Timeline== *Khana Mohammad Pasha takes the city of Senna, capital of the Ardalan principality, in 1132 ( 1719 AD )〔International Association of Academies (1934), ''The encyclopaedia of Islām: a dictionary of the geography, ethnography and biography of the Muhammadan peoples'', p.227, E. J. Brill ltd.〕 and kills Persian governor Hasan Ali Khan.〔Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (1991), ''The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic'', p.138, Cambridge University Press〕 *Suliman Baba travels to Constantinople in 1678, gaining Ottoman recognition of the family's hereditary rights.〔Claudius James Rich (1836), ''Narrative of a residence in Koordistan'', p.81, J. Duncan〕 *Baban princes helped Ottoman forces in the Iranian wars of 1723–1746.〔H. J. Kissling, N. Barbour, Bertold Spuler, J. S. Trimingham, F. R. C. Bagley, H. Braun, H. Hartel (1997), ''The Last Great Muslim Empires'', p.82, BRILL〕 *Abdulrahman Pasha becomes ''mirimiran'' prince of Kurdish princes in 1788.〔Tom Nieuwenhuis (1982), ''Politics and society in early modern Iraq: Mamluk Pashas tribal Shayks and local rule between 1802 and 1831'', p.42, Springer〕 *Abdurrahman Pasha marches on Ottoman Pasha of Baghdad Suleyman in June 1810 with 10,000 men.〔Virginia H. Aksan (2007), ''Ottoman wars 1700-1870, an empire besieged'', p.286, Pearson Education〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baban」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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