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Absinthe ( or ; French: (:apsɛ̃t)) is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic (45–74% ABV / 90–148 U.S. proof) beverage.〔"Traite de la Fabrication de Liqueurs et de la Distillation des Alcools", P. Duplais (1882 3rd Ed, pp 375–381)〕〔"Nouveau Traité de la Fabrication des Liqueurs", J. Fritsch (1926, pp 385–401)〕〔"La Fabrication des Liqueurs", J. De Brevans (1908, pp 251–262)〕〔"Nouveau Manuel Complet du Distillateur Liquoriste", Lebead, de Fontenelle, & Malepeyre (1888, pp 221–224)〕 It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from botanicals, including the flowers and leaves of ''Artemisia absinthium'' ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel, and other medicinal and culinary herbs. Absinthe traditionally has a natural green colour but may also be colourless. It is commonly referred to in historical literature as "''フランス語:la fée verte''" (the green fairy). Although it is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a liqueur, absinthe is not traditionally bottled with added sugar; it is therefore classified as a spirit.〔'Traite de la Fabrication de Liqueurs et de la Distillation des Alcools' Duplais (1882 3rd Ed, Pg 249)〕 Absinthe is traditionally bottled at a high level of alcohol by volume, but it is normally diluted with water prior to being consumed. Absinthe originated in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland in the late 18th century. It rose to great popularity as an alcoholic drink in late 19th- and early 20th-century France, particularly among Parisian artists and writers. Owing in part to its association with bohemian culture, the consumption of absinthe was opposed by social conservatives and prohibitionists. Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde, Aleister Crowley, Erik Satie and Alfred Jarry were all known absinthe drinkers.〔(The Appeal of 'The Green Fairy' ), ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'', September 18, 2008〕 Absinthe has often been portrayed as a dangerously addictive psychoactive drug and hallucinogen. The chemical compound thujone, although present in the spirit in only trace amounts, was blamed for its alleged harmful effects. By 1915, absinthe had been banned in the United States and in much of Europe, including France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria-Hungary. Although absinthe was vilified, it has not been demonstrated to be any more dangerous than ordinary spirits. Recent studies have shown that absinthe's psychoactive properties (apart from that of the alcohol) have been exaggerated.〔 A revival of absinthe began in the 1990s, following the adoption of modern European Union food and beverage laws that removed longstanding barriers to its production and sale. By the early 21st century, nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries, most notably in France, Switzerland, Australia, Spain, and the Czech Republic. ==Etymology== The French word ''absinthe'' can refer either to the alcoholic beverage or, less commonly, to the actual wormwood plant, with ''grande absinthe'' being ''Artemisia absinthium'', and ''petite absinthe'' being ''Artemisia pontica''. The Latin name ''artemisia'' comes from Artemis, the ancient Greek goddess of the hunt. ''Absinthe'' is derived from the Latin ''absinthium'', which in turn comes from the ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον ''apsínthion'', "wormwood".〔.〕 The use of ''Artemisia absinthium'' in a drink is attested in Lucretius' ''De Rerum Natura'' (I 936–950), where Lucretius indicates that a drink containing wormwood is given as medicine to children in a cup with honey on the brim to make it drinkable. Some claim that the word means "undrinkable" in Greek, but it may instead be linked to the Persian root ''spand'' or ''aspand'', or the variant ''esfand'', which meant ''Peganum harmala'', also called Syrian Rue—although it is not actually a variety of rue, another famously bitter herb. That ''Artemisia absinthium'' was commonly burned as a protective offering may suggest that its origins lie in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root '' *spend'', meaning "to perform a ritual" or "make an offering". Whether the word was a borrowing from Persian into Greek, or from a common ancestor of both, is unclear.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Absinthe etymology )〕 Alternatively, the Greek word may originate in a pre-Greek Pelasgian word, marked by the non-Indo-European consonant complex νθ (-nth). Alternative spellings for absinthe include ''absinth'', ''absynthe'' and ''absenta''. ''Absinth'' (without the final ''e'') is a spelling variant most commonly applied to absinthes produced in central and eastern Europe, and is specifically associated with Bohemian-style absinthes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Absinthe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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