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A thurible is a metal censer suspended from chains, in which incense is burned during worship services. It is used in Christian churches including the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic and Oriental Orthodox, as well as in some Lutheran, Old Catholic, and Anglican churches (with its use almost universal amongst Anglo Catholic Anglican churches). In Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican churches, the altar server who carries the thurible is called the ''thurifer''. The practice is rooted in the earlier traditions of Judaism in the time of the Second Jewish Temple.〔Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011. http://www.scribd.com/doc/170397802〕 Beyond its ecclesiastical use, the thurible is also employed in various other spiritual or ceremonial traditions, including some Gnostic Churches, Freemasonry〔Reference at Masonic Encyclopedia, by Albery G Mackey.〕 (especially in the consecration of new lodges), and in Co-Freemasonry. Thuribles are sometimes employed in the practice of ceremonial magic. The workings of a thurible are quite simple. Each thurible consists of a censer section, chains (typically three or four, although single-chain thuribles also exist), a metal ring around the chains (used to lock the lid of the censer section in place), and usually (although not always) a removable metal crucible in which the burning charcoals are placed. Many thuribles are supplied with a stand, allowing the thurible to be hung safely when still hot, but not in use. Burning charcoal is placed inside the metal censer, either directly into the bowl section, or into a removable crucible if supplied, and incense (of which there are many different varieties) is placed upon the charcoal, where it melts to produce a sweet smelling smoke. This may be done several times during the service as the incense burns quite quickly. Once the incense has been placed on the charcoal the thurible is then closed and used for censing.〔Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011. http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf〕 A famous thurible is the huge ''Botafumeiro'' in Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain〔Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011. http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf〕 The word "thurible" comes from the Old French ''thurible'', which in turn is derived from the Latin term ''thuribulum''. The Latin ''thuribulum'' is further formed from the root ''thus'', meaning incense. ''Thus'' is an alteration of the Greek word ''θύος'' (thuos), which is derived from ''θύειν'' (thuein) "to sacrifice".〔Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011. http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf〕 == Roman Rite == The Roman Missal, as revised in 1969, allows the use of incense at any Mass: in the entrance procession; at the beginning of Mass to incense the cross and the altar; at the Gospel procession and proclamation; after the bread and the chalice have been placed upon the altar, to incense the offerings, the cross, and the altar, as well as the priest and the people; at the elevation of the host and the chalice after the consecration.〔(General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 276 )〕 The number of swings of the thurible to be used when incensing persons or objects is specified in the General Instruction of the Roman Missal: *Three double swings: the Most Blessed Sacrament, a relic of the Holy Cross and images of the Lord exposed for public veneration, the offerings for the sacrifice of the Mass, the altar cross, the ''Book of the Gospels'', the Paschal Candle, the priest, and the people. *Two double swings (and only at the beginning of the celebration, after the incensing of the altar): relics and images of the Saints exposed for public veneration. *A series of single swings: the altar. *The priest may incense the offerings for Mass by tracing a cross over them with the thurible instead of using three swings of the thurible,〔(General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 277 )〕 The responsibilities of a thurifer include: *Holding the thurible open to enable the priest to put incense in it, after which he blesses it with the sign of the cross without using any formula of words. *Carrying the thurible in procession (gently swinging if needed to keep the charcoal burning). *Presenting the thurible to the priest or deacon when they need to use it *Incensing (in the absence of a deacon) the priest after the priest has incensed the offering at Mass. Another server, previously called a boat boy and now more commonly a boat bearer,〔Herrera, Matthew D. ''Holy Smoke: The Use of Incense in the Catholic Church.'' San Luis Obispo: Tixlini Scriptorium, 2011. http://www.smellsbells.com/incense.pdf〕 may carry a boat or container of incense to add as the thurible burns low. These rules, except for the manner of incensing the offerings at Mass, applied also before 1969. Earlier editions of the Roman Missal prescribe that the offerings be incensed by forming over them with the thurible first three crosses and then three circles, the first two anticlockwise and last clockwise, while also saying a prescribed prayer.〔Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, VII, 10〕 They also direct that incensing of the altar be done with single swings at 29 designated points of an altar attached to the rear wall of the sanctuary, and at 22 points of a freestanding altar.〔 Pre-1969 editions of the Roman Missal did not allow the use of incense at Low Mass. In accordance with the conditions laid down in the document Summorum Pontificum of 2007, use of the 1962 edition as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite is permitted. Other extraordinary forms such as that employed by the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen, who call the 1962 version "mutilated and deformed",〔(Dominic Radecki, "Is the Latin Mass Back?" )〕 are not authorized. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thurible」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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