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tautomer : ウィキペディア英語版
tautomer

Tautomers are constitutional isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert by a chemical reaction called tautomerization. This reaction commonly results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom or proton, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. The concept of tautomerizations is called tautomerism. Because of the rapid interconversion, tautomers are generally considered to be the same chemical compound. Tautomerism is a special case of structural isomerism and can play an important role in non-canonical base pairing in DNA and especially RNA molecules.
== Chemistry ==

In solutions in which tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will be reached. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH.〔 〕
Common tautomeric pairs include:
* ketone - enol, e.g., for acetone (see: keto–enol tautomerism);
* enamine - imine;
* ketene - ynol, e.g., for ethenone;
* nitroso - oxime;
* amide - imidic acid, e.g., during nitrile hydrolysis reactions;
* lactam - lactim, an amide-imidic acid tautomerism in heterocyclic rings, e.g., in the nucleobases guanine, thymine, and cytosine;
* enamine - enamine, e.g., during pyridoxalphosphate-catalyzed enzymatic reactions; and
* anomers of reducing sugars in solution, which interconvert through an intermediate open chain form.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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