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takfir
In Islamic law, takfir or takfeer ((アラビア語:تكفير) ') refers to the practice of excommunication, one Muslim declaring another Muslim as kafir (infidel). The act which precipitates takfir is termed the mukaffir. An ill-founded takfir accusation is a major haram.
== Authority for takfir ==
Some Muslims consider takfir (declaring someone a kafir) to be a prerogative of either the Prophet—who does that through Divine revelation—or the State which represents the collectivity of the Ummah (the whole Muslim community).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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