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kafir
Kafir ((アラビア語:كافر) '; plural '; feminine ') is an Arabic term (from the root K-F-R "to cover") used in an Islamic doctrinal sense, usually translated as "unbeliever," "disbeliever," or "infidel". It is used as a derogatory term. The term alludes to a person who rejects or disbelieves in God and the religious truth revealed through the mission of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, and thus demonstrates ingratitude towards God; denies, refuses to accept the dominion and authority of God;〔 or otherwise does not heed the beliefs and prescriptions held by the religion of Islam. Unbelief is called ''kufr''. ''Kafir'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''mushrik'' (, those who commit polytheism), another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and Islamic works.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islam Question and Answer )〕 Jews and Christians are regarded as kuffar. 〔〔 The practise of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as ''takfir''.〔http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/kafir〕
==Etymology==
The word ' is the active participle of the root ''K-F-R'' "to cover". As a pre-Islamic term it described farmers burying seeds in the ground, covering them with soil while planting.〔(أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُ) (Surah 57 Al-Hadid (Iron) Ayah 20 )〕 Thus, the word ' implies a person who hides or covers. Poets personify the darkness of night as kâfir, perhaps as a survival of pre-Islamic religious or mythological usage. The noun for disbelief,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://islamic-dictionary.tumblr.com/post/10098203002/kufr-arabic-is-the-term-which-describes )〕 "blasphemy", "impiety" rather than the person who disbelieves, is ''kufr''.
The Hebrew words "''kipper''" and "''kofer''" share the same root as "''kafir''" כִּפֵּר, or K-F-R. "Kipper" has many meanings including, to "deny" or "atone for," "cover," "purge," or "represent" or "transfer." The last two meanings involve "kofer" that mean "ransom." "Kipper" and "kofer" are mostly likely used together in the Jewish faith to indicate God's transfer of guilt from innocent parties using guilty parties as "ransom".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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