|
Infidel (literally "unfaithful") is a pejorative term used in certain religions for those who do not believe the central tenets of one's own religion, are members of another religion, or are not religious.〔See: * James Ginther (2009), The Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology, Westminster, ISBN 978-0664223977, Quote = "Infidel literally means unfaithful"; * "Infidel", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company. "An unbeliever with respect to a particular religion, especially Christianity or Islam"; * (Infidel ), Oxford Dictionaries, US (2011); Quote = "A person who does not believe in religion or who adheres to a religion other than one’s own"〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 "infidel." ''The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009.'' ) Quote="a person who does not believe in religion or who adheres to a religion other than one's own."〕 Infidel is an ecclesiastical term in Christianity around which the Church developed a body of theology that deals with the concept of infidelity, which makes a clear differentiation between those who were baptized and followed the teachings of the Church versus those who are outside the faith.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 "Infidels." ''International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 2008'' )〕 The term ''infidel'' was used by Christians to describe those perceived as the enemies of Christianity. After the ancient world the concept of otherness, an exclusionary notion of the outside by societies with more or less coherent cultural boundaries, became associated with the development of the monotheistic and prophetic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.〔 In modern era literature, the term infidel includes in its scope atheists, polytheists,〔See: *Ken Ward (2008), in Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia, Editors: Greg Fealy, Sally White, ISBN 978-9812308511, Chapter 12; *Alexander Ignatenko, Words and Deeds, Russia in Global Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 2, APRIL – JUNE 2009, pp. 145〕 animists,〔Whitlark & Aycock (Editors) (1992), The literature of emigration and exile, Texas Tech University Press, ISBN 978-0896722637, pp 3-28〕 heathen and pagan.〔See: * *Mignolo W. (2000), The many faces of cosmopolis: Border thinking and critical cosmopolitanism. Public Culture, 12(3), pp. 721-748〕 Infidel as a concept is sometimes contrasted with the concept of religious pluralism.〔See: *Cole & Hammond (1974), Religious pluralism, legal development, and societal complexity: rudimentary forms of civil religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 177-189; *Sullivan K. M. (1992), Religion and liberal democracy, The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 195-223.〕 ==Etymology== The origins of the word infidel date to the late 15th century, deriving from the French ''infidèle'' or Latin ''īnfidēlis'', from ''in-'' "not" + ''fidēlis'' "faithful" (from ''fidēs'' "faith", related to ''fīdere'' 'to trust'). The word originally denoted a person of a religion other than one's own, specifically a Christian to a Muslim, a Muslim to a Christian, or a Goy to a Jew.〔 Later meanings in the 15th century include "unbelieving", "a non-Christian" and "one who does not believe in religion" (1527). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「infidel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|