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A sackbut is a type of trombone from the Renaissance and Baroque eras, characterised by a telescopic slide that is used to vary the length of the tube to change pitch. Unlike the earlier slide trumpet from which it evolved, the sackbut possesses a ''double'' slide, which makes it capable of playing fully chromatic scales, and allows for easy and accurate doubling of voices. Sackbuts adjust tuning at the joint between the bell and slide. The sackbut differs from modern trombones by its smaller, more cylindrically-proportioned bore, its less-flared bell, and in the lack of a leadpipe, water key, slide lock, and tuning slide on the bell curve. == Terminological history == The first reference to a slide instrument was probably ''trompette des ménestrels'', first found in Burgundy in the 1420s and later in other regions of Europe. The name distinguished the instrument from the ''trompettes de guerre'' (war trumpets), which were of fixed length.〔Herbert, Trevor (2006). ''The Trombone'', p. 57. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10095-7.〕 The next word to appear in the 15th century that implied a slide was the ''sackbut'' group of words. There are two theories for the sources: it is either derived from the Middle French ''sacquer'' (to pull) and ''bouter'' (to push) or from the Spanish ''sacar'' (to draw or pull) and ''bucha'' (a tube or pipe).〔 The term survives in numerous English spelling variations including sacbut, sackbutte, sagbut, shagbolt, sacabushe and shakbusshe. Closely related to ''sackbut'' was the name used in France: ''sacqueboute'' and in Spain, where it was ''sacabuche''. These terms were used in England and France until the 18th century. In Scotland in 1538 the slide instrument is referred to as ''draucht trumpet'' (drawn trumpet) as opposed to a ''weir trumpet'' (war trumpet), which had a fixed length.〔Herbert (2006), p. 58.〕 In Germany, the original word was ''Posaune'', appearing about 1450 and is still used today. This (as well as ''bason'') derives from ''busine,'' which is Latinate and meant straight trumpet.〔Herbert (2006), p. 56.〕 In Italy it was (and remains) ''trombone'', which derived from trumpet in the Latin ''tromba'' or ''drompten'', used in the Low Countries. The first records of it being used are around 1440, but it is not clear whether this was just a nickname for a trumpet player. In 1487 a writer links the words ''trompone'' and ''sacqueboute'' and mentions the instrument as playing the contratenor part in a danceband.〔Herbert (2006), p. 59.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sackbut」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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