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A privative, named from Latin ''privare'',〔''(privare )'', at William Whitaker's Words.〕 "to deprive", is a particle that negates or inverts the value of the stem of the word. In Indo-European languages many privatives are prefixes; but they can also be suffixes, or more independent elements. ==Privative prefixes== In English there are three primary privative prefixes, all cognate from PIE: *''un-'' from West Germanic; e.g. ''un''precedented, ''un''believable *''in-'' from Latin; e.g. ''in''capable, ''in''articulate. *''a-'', called alpha privative, from Ancient Greek ', '; e.g. ''a''pathetic, ''a''biogenesis. These all stem from a PIE syllabic nasal privative *''n̥-'', the zero ablaut grade of the negation *''ne'', i.e. "n" used as a vowel, as in some English pronunciations of "button". This is the source of the 'n' in 'an-' privative prefixed nouns deriving from the Greek, which had both. For this reason, it appears as ''an-'' before vowel, e.g. ''an''orexia, ''an''esthesia. The same prefix appears in Sanskrit, also as ''a-'', ''an-''. In in Slavic languages the privative is nie- and u-, e.g. ''nieboga'', ''ubogi''. In North Germanic languages, the -''n''- has disappeared and Old Norse has ''ú-'' (e.g. ú-dáins-akr), Danish and Norwegian have ''u-'', whereas Swedish uses ''o'', and Icelandic uses the etymologically related ''ó''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「privative」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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