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lapidary
A lapidary (lapidarist, (ラテン語:lapidarius)) is an artist or artisan who forms stone, minerals, or gemstones into decorative items such as cabochons, engraved gems, including cameos, and faceted designs. The primary techniques employed are cutting, grinding, and polishing.〔 Carving is an important, but specialised technique.〔
Hardstone carving is the term used in art history for objects produced by the specialised carving techniques, and the techniques themselves. Diamond cutters are generally ''not'' referred to as lapidaries, due to the specialized techniques which are required to work diamond. In modern contexts "gemcutter" typically refers to people who specialize in cutting diamonds, but in older historical contexts it refers to artists producing engraved gems such as jade carvings and the like. By extension the term "lapidary" has sometimes been applied to collectors of and dealer in gems, or to anyone who is knowledgeable in precious stones.
==History==
The earliest known lapidary work likely occurred during the Stone Age.〔 As people created tools from stone, they inevitably realized that some geological materials were harder than others. The next earliest documented examples of what one may consider to be "lapidary arts" came in the form of drilling stone and rock. The earliest known examples of drilling date back approximately one million years ago.〔(Full and complete history of the lapidary arts ) International Gem Society, Retrieved January 7, 2015〕 The early Egyptians subsequently developed techniques for cutting and polishing stones as hard as quartz, such as amethyst.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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