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kaolinite
Kaolinite () is a clay mineral, part of the group of industrial minerals, with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina octahedra. Rocks that are rich in kaolinite are known as kaolin or china clay.
The name is derived from Chinese Kao-Ling (高岭/高嶺, pinyin ''Gāolǐng'', 'High Ridge'), a village near Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, China. The name entered English in 1727 from the French version of the word: ''kaolin'', following Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles's reports from Jingdezhen. In Africa, kaolin is sometimes known as ''kalaba'' (in Gabon〔Karine Boucher, Suzanne Lafage. ("Le lexique français du Gabon: K." ) ''Le Français en Afrique: Revue du Réseau des Observatoires du Français Contemporain en Afrique''. 2000.〕 and Cameroon〔Franklin Kamtche. ("Balengou : autour des mines." ) (Balengou: around the mines) ''Le Jour''. 12 January 2010. 〕), ''calaba'', and ''calabachop'' (in Equatorial Guinea).
Kaolinite has a low shrink–swell capacity and a low cation-exchange capacity (1–15 meq/100 g). It is a soft, earthy, usually white mineral (dioctahedral phyllosilicate clay), produced by the chemical weathering of aluminium silicate minerals like feldspar. In many parts of the world, it is colored pink-orange-red by iron oxide, giving it a distinct rust hue. Lighter concentrations yield white, yellow or light orange colors. Alternating layers are sometimes found, as at Providence Canyon State Park in Georgia, US. Commercial grades of kaolin are supplied and transported as dry powder, semi-dry noodle or as liquid slurry.
==Chemistry==
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