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jidaigeki
is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan. Literally "period dramas", they are most often set during the Edo period of Japanese history, from 1603 to 1868. Some, however, are set much earlier—''Portrait of Hell'', for example, is set during the late Heian period—and the early Meiji era is also a popular setting. ''Jidaigeki'' show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of their time. ''Jidaigeki'' films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of ''jidaigeki''. ''Jidaigeki'' rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
==Types of ''jidaigeki''==
Many ''jidaigeki'' take place in Edo, the military capital. Others show the adventures of people wandering from place to place. The long-running television series ''Zenigata Heiji'' and ''Abarenbō Shōgun'' typify the Edo ''jidaigeki''. ''Mito Kōmon'', the fictitious story of the travels of the historical daimyo Tokugawa Mitsukuni, and the ''Zatoichi'' movies and television series, exemplify the traveling style.
Another way to categorize ''jidaigeki'' is according to the social status of the principal characters. The title character of ''Abarenbō Shogun'' is Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shogun. The head of the samurai class, Yoshimune assumes the disguise of a low-ranking hatamoto, a samurai in the service of the shogun. Similarly, Mito Kōmon is the retired vice-shogun, masquerading as a merchant. In contrast, the coin-throwing Heiji of ''Zenigata Heiji'' is a commoner, working for the police, while Ichi (the title character of ''Zatoichi''), a blind masseur, is an outcast, as were many disabled people in that era. In fact, masseurs, who typically were at the bottom of the professional food chain, was one of the few vocational positions available to the blind in that era. ''Gokenin Zankurō'' is a samurai but, due to his low rank and income, he has to work extra jobs that higher-ranking samurai were unaccustomed to doing.
Whether the lead role is samurai or commoner, ''jidaigeki'' usually reach a climax in an immense sword fight just before the end. The title character of a series always wins, whether using a sword or a ''jutte'' (the device police used to trap, and sometimes to bend or break, an opponent's sword).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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