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hooliganism
Hooliganism is disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism.
==Etymology==
There are several theories regarding the origin of the word ''hooliganism,'' which is a derivative of the word hooligan. ''The Compact Oxford English Dictionary'' states that the word may have originated from the surname of a fictional rowdy Irish family in a music hall song of the 1890s.〔 Clarence Rook, in his 1899 book, ''Hooligan Nights'', wrote that the word came from Patrick Hoolihan (or Hooligan), an Irish bouncer and thief who lived in London. In 2015, it was said in the BBC Scotland TV programme ''The Secret Life of Midges'' that the English commander-in-chief during the Jacobite rising of 1745, General Wade, misheard the local Scots Gaelic word for midge—''meanbh-chuileag''—and coined the word ''hooligan'' to describe his fury and frustration at the way the tiny biting creatures made the life of his soldiers and himself a misery; this derivation may be apocryphal.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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