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fallibilism : ウィキペディア英語版
fallibilism

Fallibilism (from Medieval Latin: ''fallibilis'', "liable to err") is the philosophical principle that human beings could be wrong about their beliefs, expectations, or their understanding of the world, and yet still be justified in holding their incorrect beliefs.
==Usage==
In the most commonly used sense of the term, fallibilism consists of being open to new evidence that would contradict some previously held position or belief, and in the recognition that "any claim justified today may need to be revised or withdrawn in light of new evidence, new arguments, and new experiences."〔Nikolas Kompridis, "Two kinds of fallibilism", ''Critique and Disclosure'' (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), 180.〕 This position is taken for granted in the natural sciences.〔Kuhn, Thomas S. ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions''. 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996〕
In another sense, it refers to the consciousness of "the degree to which our interpretations, valuations, our practices, and traditions are temporally indexed" and subject to (possibly arbitrary) historical flux and change. Such "time-responsive" fallibilism consists of an openness to the confirmation of a possibility that one anticipates or expects in the future.〔Nikolas Kompridis, "Two kinds of fallibilism", ''Critique and Disclosure'' (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), 181.〕
Some fallibilists argue that absolute certainty about knowledge is impossible.
Unlike skepticism, fallibilism does not imply the need to abandon our knowledge; we need not have logically conclusive justifications for what we know. Rather, it is an admission that, because empirical knowledge can be revised by further observation, any of the things we take as knowledge might possibly turn out to be false. Some fallibilists make an exception for things that are axiomatically true (such as mathematical and logical knowledge). Others remain fallibilists about these as well, on the basis that, even if these axiomatic systems are in a sense infallible, we are still capable of error when working with these systems. The critical rationalist Hans Albert argues that it is impossible to prove any truth with certainty, even in logic and mathematics. This argument is called the Münchhausen trilemma.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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