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Skepticism or scepticism (see spelling differences) is generally any questioning attitude towards unempirical knowledge or opinions/beliefs stated as facts, or doubt regarding claims that are taken for granted elsewhere.〔"Philosophical views are typically classed as skeptical when they involve advancing some degree of doubt regarding claims that are elsewhere taken for granted." (utm.edu )〕 Philosophical skepticism is a systematic approach that questions the notion that absolutely certain knowledge is possible.〔"Philosophical skepticism should be distinguished from ordinary skepticism, where doubts are raised against certain beliefs or types of beliefs because the evidence for the particular belief or type of belief is weak or lacking ..." (skepdic.com )〕 Classical philosophical skepticism derives from the 'Skeptikoi', a school who "asserted nothing".〔Liddell and Scott〕 Adherents of Pyrrhonism (and more recently, partially synonymous with Fallibilism), for instance, suspend judgment in investigations.〔Sextus Empiricus, ''Outlines Of Pyrrhonism,'' Translated by R. G. Bury, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1933, p. 21〕 Skeptics may even doubt the reliability of their own senses.〔"... the two most influential forms of skepticism have, arguably, been the radical epistemological skepticism of the classical Pyrrhonian skeptics and the Cartesian form of radical epistemological skepticism" (utm.edu )〕 Religious skepticism, on the other hand, is "doubt concerning basic religious principles (such as immortality, providence, and revelation)".〔Merriam–Webster〕 Scientific skepticism is about testing beliefs for reliability, by subjecting them to systematic investigation using the scientific method, to discover empirical evidence for them. ==Definition== In ordinary usage, skepticism (US) or scepticism (UK) (Greek: 'σκέπτομαι' ''skeptomai'', to think, to look about, to consider; see also spelling differences) refers to: # an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object; # the doctrine that true knowledge or some particular knowledge is uncertain; or # the method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt, or criticism that is characteristic of skeptics (Merriam–Webster). In philosophy, skepticism refers more specifically to any one of several propositions. These include propositions about: # an inquiry, # a method of obtaining knowledge through systematic doubt and continual testing, # the arbitrariness, relativity, or subjectivity of moral values, # the limitations of knowledge, # a method of intellectual caution and suspended judgment. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「skepticism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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