|
|Section1= |Section2= |Section3= |Section4= |Section5= }} Ethylamine is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2NH2. This colourless gas has a strong ammonia-like odor. It is miscible with virtually all solvents and is a weak base, as is typical for amines. Ethylamine is widely used in chemical industry and organic synthesis. pKa (of protonated form) = 10.7〔''Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 9th Ed.'' (1991), (J. N. Delgado and W. A. Remers, Eds.) p.878, Philadelphia: Lippincott.〕 ==Synthesis== Ethylamine is produced on a large scale by two processes. Most commonly ethanol and ammonia are combined in the presence of an oxide catalyst: :CH3CH2OH + NH3 → CH3CH2NH2 + H2O In this reaction, ethylamine is coproduced together with diethylamine and triethylamine. In aggregate, approximately 80M kilograms/year of these three amines are produced industrially.〔Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke, "Amines, Aliphatic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.〕 It is also produced by reductive amination of acetaldehyde. :CH3CHO + NH3 + H2 → CH3CH2NH2 + H2O Ethylamine can be prepared by several other routes, but these are not economical. Ethylene and ammonia combine to give ethylamine in the presence of an sodium amide or related basic catalysts.〔Ulrich Steinbrenner, Frank Funke, Ralf Böhling, (Method and device for producing ethylamine and butylamine ), United States Patent 7161039.〕 :H2C=CH2 + NH3 → CH3CH2NH2 Hydrogenation of acetonitrile, acetamide, and nitroethane affords ethylamine. These reactions can be effected stoichiometrically using lithium aluminium hydride. In another route, ethylamine can be synthesized via nucleophilic substitution of a haloethane (such as chloroethane or bromoethane) with ammonia, utilizing a strong base such as potassium hydroxide. This method affords significant amounts of byproducts, including diethylamine and triethylamine.〔(Nucleophilic substitution, Chloroethane & Ammonia ), St Peter's School〕 :CH3CH2Cl + NH3 + KOH → CH3CH2NH2 + KCl + H2O Ethylamine is also produced naturally in the cosmos; it is a component of interstellar gases.〔NRAO, "Discoveries Suggest Icy Cosmic Start for Amino Acids and DNA Ingredients", Feb 28 2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ethylamine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|