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dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft, conducted at close range. Dogfighting first appeared during World War I, shortly after the invention of the airplane. Until at least 1992, it was a component in every major war, despite beliefs after World War II that increasingly greater speeds and longer range weapons would make dogfighting obsolete.〔''Storm Over Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War'' By Richard P. Hallion – Smithsonian Institution Press 1992 – Page 1-10〕 Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat maneuvering (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.〔''Fighter Combat: Tactics and Maneuvering'' by Robert Shaw - Pages xi and xii〕
==Etymology==
The term dogfight has been used for centuries to describe a melee; a fierce, fast-paced battle between two or more opponents. The term gained popularity during World War II, although its origin in air combat can be traced to the latter years of World War I.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=War Slang )〕 The first written reference to the modern day usage of the word comes from ''Fly Papers'', by A. E. Illingworth, in 1919, “The battle develops into a ‘dog-fight’, small groups of machines engaging each other in a fight to the death.”〔Oxford English Dictionary〕 The term fighter ace generally applies to any pilot who eliminates five opponent craft in the air (or, in Germany during World War I, ten aircraft), although not necessarily in a dogfight.
Modern day fighter pilots have compared dogfighting—with its intense maneuvering, leaving little margin for error—akin to "knife fighting in a phone booth".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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