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The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ;〔(pronunciation of ''violoncello'' in the Oxford Learner's Dictionaries )〕 (:vjolonˈtʃɛllo)) is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is a member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin and viola. The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles, string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some rock bands. It is the second-largest bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest. Cellos were derived from other mid- to large-sized bowed instruments in the 16th century, such as the viola da gamba, and the generally smaller and squarer viola da braccio, and such instruments made by members of the Amati family of luthiers. Cello parts are generally written in the bass clef, but both tenor and treble clefs are used for higher-range parts. A person who plays the cello is called a cellist or violoncellist. ==Etymology== The name ''cello'' is a contraction of the Italian ''violoncello'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Violoncello )〕 which means "little violone". The violone ("big viol") was the lowest-pitched instrument of the viol family, the group of stringed instruments that went out of fashion around the end of the 17th century in most countries except France, where they survived another half-century before the louder violin family came into greater favour in that country as well. In modern symphony orchestras, it is the second largest stringed instrument (the double bass is the largest). Thus, the name "violoncello" contained both the augmentative ''"-one"'' ("big") and the diminutive ''"-cello"'' ("little"). By the turn of the 20th century, it had become common to shorten the name to 'cello, with the apostrophe indicating the missing prefix.〔Delbanco, Nicholas. (January 1, 2001) Harper's Bazaar. ''(The Countess of Stanlein Restored ). (Violoncello owned by Bernard Greenhouse is restored).'' Volume 302; Issue 1808; Page 39.〕 It is now customary to use "cello" without apostrophe as the full designation.〔 ''Viol'' is derived from the root ''viola'', which was derived from Medieval Latin ''vitula'', meaning stringed instrument. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cello」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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