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Zachlumia
Zachlumia or Zahumlje (), also Hum, was a medieval principality located in the modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia (today parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, respectively). While sometimes a fully independent or semi-independent Slavic entity, Zahumlje was mainly under foreign powers; the Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Serbia, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Bosnia and at the end under the Ottoman Empire.
==Etymology==
Zachlumia is a derivative of ''Hum'', from Proto-Slavic ''
*xŭlmŭ'', borrowed from a Germanic language (cf. Proto-Germanic ''
*hulma-''), meaning ''"Hill"''.〔Entry "холм" in М. Фасмер (1986), ''Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка'' (Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва.〕 South Slavic ''Zahumlje'' is named after the mountain of Hum (za + Hum "behind the Hum"), above Bona, at the mouth of the Buna. The principality is named ''Zahumlje'' or ''Hum'' in Serbo-Croatian (Serbian Cyrillic: Захумље, Хум). It is ''Zachlumia'' in Latin, Хлъмъ in Old Church Slavonic, and Ζαχλούμων χώρα ("land of Zachlumians") in Greek. The names ''Chelmania'', ''Chulmia'' and ''terra de Chelmo'' appear in later Latin and Italian chronicles.
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