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Yumi
is the Japanese term for a bow. As used in English, ''yumi'' refers more specifically to traditional Japanese asymmetrical bows, and includes the longer and the shorter used in the practice of kyūdō and kyūjutsu, or Japanese archery. The ''yumi'' was an important weapon of the samurai warrior during the feudal period of Japan.
==History of the yumi==
Early Japanese used bows of various sizes but the majority were short with a center grip. By the 3rd century BC, the bow length had grown to nearly 2 meters. This bow was called the ''maruki yumi'' and was constructed from a small sapling or tree limb. It is unknown when the ''asymmetrical'' yumi came into use but the first written record is in a Chinese manuscript from the 3rd century AD which describes the people of the Japanese islands using ''a wooden bow with upper and lower limbs of different lengths, and bamboo arrows with points of bone or iron''. The oldest asymmetrical yumi found to date was discovered in Nara and is estimated to be from the 5th century.〔(''Kyudo: the essence and practice of Japanese archery'', Hideharu Onuma, Dan DeProspero, Jackie DeProspero, Kodansha International, 1993 P.37 )〕
During the Heian period (794-1185) the length of the ''yumi'' was fixed at a little over two meters and the use of laminated construction was adopted from the Chinese. By the end of the 10th century the Japanese developed a two piece bamboo and wood laminated ''yumi''. Over the next several hundred years the construction of the ''yumi'' evolved and by the 16th century the design of the ''yumi'' was considered to be nearly perfect. The modern bamboo ''yumi'' is practically identical to the ''yumi'' of the 16th and 17th centuries.〔(''Kyudo: the essence and practice of Japanese archery'', Hideharu Onuma, Dan DeProspero, Jackie DeProspero, Kodansha International, 1993 P.40 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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