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Vassa ((パーリ語:vassa-), , both "rain"; (ビルマ語:ဝါတွင်း), (:wàdwíɴ); (クメール語:វស្សា or ព្រះវស្សា); (ラーオ語:ພັນສາ) (:pʰán sǎː), sometimes (:wāt sǎː); (タイ語:พรรษา) ''phansa'' or ''watsa'') is the three-month annual retreat observed by Theravada practitioners. Taking place during the wet season, Vassa lasts for three lunar months, usually from July (the Burmese month of Waso, ) to October (the Burmese month of Thadingyut ).〔(Vassa ) at About.com〕 In English, Vassa is often glossed as Rains Retreat〔(Vassa )〕 or Buddhist Lent, the latter by analogy to the Christian Lent (which Vassa predates by at least five centuries). For the duration of Vassa, monastics remain in one place, typically a monasteries or temple grounds.〔( Lay Buddhist Practice - The Shrine Room, Uposatha Day, Rains Residence )〕〔(Was (Thai) Vassa )〕 In some monasteries, monks dedicate the Vassa to intensive meditation.〔 Some Buddhist lay people choose to observe Vassa by adopting more ascetic practices, such as giving up meat, alcohol, or smoking.〔 While Vassa is sometimes casually called "Buddhist Lent", others object to this terminology.〔 Commonly, the number of years a monk has spent in monastic life is expressed by counting the number of vassas he has observed. Most Mahayana Buddhists do not observe Vassa, though Vietnamese Thiền and Korean Seon monastics observe an equivalent retreat of three months of intensive practice in one location, a practice also observed in Tibetan Buddhism. Vassa begins on the first day of the waning moon of the eighth lunar month, which is the day after Asalha Puja or Asalha Uposatha ("Dhamma day"). It ends on Pavarana, when all monastics come before the sangha and atone for any offense that might have been committed during Vassa. Vassa is followed by Kathina, a festival in which the laity expresses gratitude to monks.〔(Vassa (Rains Retreat) and Kathina (Robe Offering) Ceremony )〕〔(Vassa, The Rains Retreat )〕 Lay Buddhists bring donations to temples, especially new robes for the monks.〔〔〔(Kathina ) at BBC〕 The Vassa tradition predates the time of Gautama Buddha.〔 It was a long-standing custom for mendicant ascetics in India not to travel during the rainy season as they may unintentionally harm crops, insects or even themselves during their travels.〔 Many Buddhist ascetics live in regions which lack a rainy season.〔 Consequently, there are places where Vassa may not be typically observed.〔 == See also == * Wan Ok Phansa * Uposatha * Thai Lunar Calendar * Ango 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vassa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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