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sangha
Sangha (Pali: सङ्घ ''saṅgha''; Sanskrit: संघ ''saṃgha''; ; Tibetan: དགེ་འདུན་ ''dge 'dun'') is a word in Pali and Sanskrit meaning "association", "assembly," "company" or "community" and most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of ordained Buddhist monks or nuns. This community is traditionally referred to as the ''bhikkhu-sangha'' or ''bhikkhuni-sangha''. As a separate category, those who have attained any of the four stages of enlightenment, whether or not they are members of the ''bhikkhu-sangha'' or ''bhikkhuni-sangha'', are referred to as the ''ariya-sangha'' or "noble Sangha".〔http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/triplegem.html〕〔http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/sangha.html〕〔http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/〕
The Sangha also includes laymen and laywomen who are personally dedicated to the discipline of ''Dharma-Vinaya''. This use of the word "Sangha" is only sometimes found in the Pali texts.〔Sangha - By Bhikkhu Bodhi.(November, 2010). http://www.beyondthenet.net/sangha/sng_body.htm〕〔http://www.scribd.com/doc/76803484/Sangha-by-Bhikkhu-Bodhi〕〔Sangha © 2005–2012.http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/sangha.html〕
==Definitions==
In a glossary of Buddhist terms,〔Robinson et al.(2005). "Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction". Fifth Edition. Belmont,CA: Wadsworth/Thomson, p.327〕 Richard Robinson et al. define Sangha as:
Some lay practitioners in the West these days use the word "Sangha" as a collective term for all Buddhists, but the Pali Canon uses the word ''parisā'' (Sanskrit, parisad) for the larger Buddhist community — the monks, nuns, lay men, and lay women who have taken the Three Refuges — reserving ‘Sangha’ for a more restricted use.”〔〔Robinson et al.(2005). "Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction". Fifth Edition. Belmont,CA: Wadsworth/Thomson, p. 32.〕〔"parisā". http://www.accesstoinsight.org/glossary.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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