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Twoubadou
Twoubadou (Haitian Creole: , (フランス語:Troubadour)) music is a popular genre of guitar-based music from Haiti that has a long and important place in Haitian culture. The word comes from ''troubadour'', a medieval poet-musician who wrote and sang songs about courtly love. Like the troubadours of old, the Haitian twoubadou is a singer-composer who accompanies himself on songs that tell about the bitterness and humor of love, often using risqué or suggestive lyrics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Masters of Caribbean Music )〕
==History==
Twoubadou was developed in the early 20th century. It combined music derived from the ''guajiro'' traditions of Cuba, (which is related to the ''jibaro'' musical tradition of Puerto Rico) with a Haitian musical style called méringue.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Masters of Caribbean Music )〕 Twoubadou was brought back by Haitian migrant laborers who went to work as cutters on sugar plantations in Cuba who traveled back and forth to harvest the seasonal crop at the turn of the century. The instruments in the ensemble are portable, since most twoubadou had to carry all of their possessions back and forth between Haiti and the sugarcane fields abroad. It is characterized by the use of the following acoustic instruments such as an acoustic guitar or two, an accordion, and percussion instruments. It also features a pair of maracas or a ''graj'' (scrapper), a ''tanbou'' (barrel drum), and a large ''lamellophone'', with three to five keys called ''manibula'', ''maniba'', or ''malimba'', (depending on the geographic region) that provides the sound of a bass guitar. True to the original Spanish troubadours, the music and its lyrics usually conjured up images of true love and lasting relationships.〔〔
Haitians have been part of a network of migrant labor since the late eighteenth century, when Haitian workers routinely to Cuba to participate in the sugarcane harvest which was most successful in the Caribbean after the independence of Haiti of 1804 (formerly known as Saint-Domingue) when its production topped the world. Haitian migrants have also shaped the musical styles in the areas where they worked. Tumba francesa is the Cuban term for Haitian-derived recreational drumming and dancing; the style is still practiced among expatriate Haitian cane cutters.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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