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Senedj (also known as Sened and Sethenes) is the name of an early Egyptian king (pharaoh), who may have ruled during the 2nd dynasty. His historical standing remains uncertain. His name is included in the kinglists of the ramesside era, although it is written in different ways: While the kinglist of Abydos imitates the archaic form, the Royal Canon of Turin and the kinglist of Sakkara form the name with the hieroglyphic sign of a plucked goose. It is also unknown as how long Senedj ruled over Egypt. The Royal Canon of Turin credits him with 70 years of rulership,〔Alan H. Gardiner: ''The Royal Canon of Turin.'' Griffith Institute of Oxford, Oxford (UK) 1997, ISBN 0-900416-48-3, p. 15 & table I.〕 the ancient Greek historian Manetho states that ''Séthenes'' (as he calls Senedj) ruled for 41 years.〔William Gillian Waddell: ''Manetho'' (= ''The Loeb Classical Library'', Vol. 350). Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2004, ISBN 0-674-99385-3, p. 37-41.〕 == Name sources == The possibly only known contemporary inscription from Senedj's reign was found in 1909 by Egyptologist Uvo Hölscher, who assisted the excavations at the Khephren- and Menkaura temple at Giza. Hölscher found a small, thin-walled and polished diorite shard, which once belonged to a flat bowl. At the left brakeline an incised inscription gives the reading: "The king of Upper- and Lower Egypt, Senedj". The inscription goes from the right to the left and exceeds the breakline, but the king's name remains reconstructable. The precious artifact was published in 1912.〔Uvo Hölscher, Georg Steindorff: ''Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Chephren'' (= ''Veröffentlichungen der Ernst von Sieglin Expedition in Ägypten'', 1st Volume). Hinrischs'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1912. page 106ff.〕 It was also examined by George Andrew Reisner, who mentioned it shortly in his book ''Mycerinus, the Temples of the Third Pyramid at Giza''.〔George Andrew Reisner: ''Mycerinus, the Temples of the Third Pyramid at Giza''. Harvard University Press, Boston 1931, page 105.〕〔Toby Wilkinson: ''Early Dynastc Egypt''. Routledge, London 2002, ISBN 1134664206, p. 74 & 75.〕 The next source referring to king Senedj dates back to the beginning or middle of the 4th dynasty. The name, written in a cartouche, appears in the inscription on a false door belonging to the mastaba tomb of the high priest Shery at Sakkara. Shery held the title “overseer of all wab-priests of king Peribsen in the necropolis of king Senedj”, “overseer of the ka-priests of king Senedj” and “god´s servant of Senedj”. Senedj's name is written in archaic form and set in a cartouche, which is an anachronism, since the cartouche itself was not used until the end of 3rd dynasty under king Huni.〔Auguste Mariette: ''Les mastabas de l’Ancien Empire''. Paris 1885, page 92–94〕〔Werner Kaiser: ''Zur Nennung von Sened und Peribsen in Sakkara'', In: ''Göttinger Miszellen'', no. 122, (1991), page 49–55.〕 Egyptologist Dietrich Wildung points to two further priests and possible relatives of Shery, who both also participated the funerary cult of Senedj, ''Inkef'' and ''Siy''.〔Dietrich Wildung: Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt (= Münchener Ägyptologische Studien. Bd. 17). Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/ Berlin 1969, p. 44-47.〕 Senedj is also mentioned in papyrus ''P. Berlin 3038'', which contains medical prescriptions and therapies for numerous diseases. One of these medical prescriptions gives instructions of how to treat foot kremps and it closes with the claim that the recipe for the ointments originate from a book called "book of vessels". The book, in turn, is claimed to originate from the time of king Usáphais (identical with king Horus Den of 1st dynasty). King Senedj allegedly received the book as an inheritance gift.〔Wolfhart Westendorf: ''Erwachen der Heilkunst: die Medizin im alten Ägypten''. Artemis & Winkler, 1992, ISBN 3760810721, p. 48.〕 The latest mention of Senedj's name appears on a small bronze statuette in the shape of a kneeling king wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt and holding incense burners in its hands. Additionally, the figurine wears a belt which has Senedj's name carved at the back.〔Wolfgang Helck: ''Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit''. (Ägyptologische Abhandlungen, Volume 45), Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-447-02677-4, page 103-106〕〔Dietrich Wildung: ''Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewusstsein ihrer Nachwelt''. Part I (Münchener Ägytologische Studien 17). Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 1969, page 45〕 Egyptologist Peter Munro has written a report about the existence of a mud seal inscription showing the cartouche name ''Nefer-senedj-Ra'', which he thinks to be a version of “Senedj”.〔Peter Munro: ''Nefer-Senedj-Ra'', In: ''Orientalia''; Band 57 (1988); page 330.〕 But since the finding was never photographed nor drawn and the alleged object meanwhile got lost, Munro's claim is highly questioned by many scholars.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Senedj」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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