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Scoliopus
''Scoliopus'', or fetid adderstongue, is a genus of plant within the Liliaceae family consisting of two species, ''Scoliopus bigelovii'' and ''S. hallii.'' Both are found in deep shaded forests, primarily in the coastal counties of the western United States from central California to northern Oregon. The name "''Scoliopus''" derives from the Greek words ''skolios'' and ''pous'', meaning curved foot, a reference to the shape of the pedicel. Taxonomists believe that ''Scoliopus'' is closely related to ''Calochortus'', ''Prosartes'', ''Streptopus'' and ''Tricyrtis'', which all have creeping rhizomes as well as styles that divide at the tip.
==Description==
''Scoliopus'' has two mottled leaves at its base and a long pedicel that, over time, bends and twists so that the fruit touches the ground. The flowers, which bloom in the late winter and early spring, are pale green or yellow when fresh, lined with narrow purple or dark brown veins, with wide, spreading sepals and narrower petals, three stamens, and a three-angled ovary. The flower's nectaries induce insects to enter and crawl around, with pollen generally deposited on the insect's back. Fungus gnats (Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae) are the principle pollinators of ''Scoliopus bigelovii''.〔Michael Mesler, James D. Ackerman, Karen L. Lu. 1980. The Effectiveness of Fungus Gnats as Pollinators. American Journal of Botany, 67(4): 564-567.〕
Botanist John Thomas Howell described ''S. bigelovii'' as thrusting "ill-scented flowers" from two tightly rolled leaves as soon as they sprout. By the time the leaves develop, "the first fruits are already well formed at the ends of elongate sprawling twisting pedicels."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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