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|Section2= |Section3= }} Sarin, or GB, is a colorless, odorless liquid,〔(Sarin (GB) ). Emergency Response Safety and Health Database. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Accessed April 20, 2009.〕 used as a chemical weapon owing to its extreme potency as a nerve agent and it has been classified as a weapon of mass destruction in UN Resolution 687. It is an organophosphorus compound with the formula ()CH3P(O)F. Production and stockpiling of sarin was outlawed as of April 1997 by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993, and it is classified as a Schedule 1 substance. Sarin can be lethal even at very low concentrations, with death following within 1 to 10 minutes after direct inhalation due to suffocation from lung muscle paralysis, unless some antidotes, typically atropine or biperiden and pralidoxime, are quickly administered.〔 People who absorb a non-lethal dose, but do not receive immediate medical treatment, may suffer permanent neurological damage. == Production and structure == Sarin (the gas) is a chiral molecule because it has four chemically distinct substituents attached to the tetrahedral phosphorus center.〔D. E. C. Corbridge "Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology" 5th Edition Elsevier: Amsterdam 1995. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.〕 The SP form (the (–) optical isomer) is the more active enantiomer due to its greater binding affinity to acetylcholinesterase. The P-F bond is easily broken by nucleophilic agents, such as water and hydroxide. At high pH, sarin decomposes rapidly to nontoxic phosphonic acid derivatives. It is usually manufactured and weaponized as a racemic mixture—an equal mixture of both enantiomeric forms—by the alcoholysis reaction of methylphosphonyl difluoride with isopropyl alcohol: 415px Isopropylamine is also included in the reaction to neutralize the hydrogen fluoride byproduct. As a binary chemical weapon, it can be generated in situ by this same reaction. A by-product of sarin production is diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), which degrades into isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA).〔(【引用サイトリンク】Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ">url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=967&tid=203 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sarin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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