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Sarepta : ウィキペディア英語版
Sarepta



Sarepta (modern Sarafand, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast between Sidon and Tyre, also known biblically as 'Zarephath'. Most of the objects by which Phoenician culture is characterised are those that have been recovered scattered among Phoenician colonies and trading posts; such carefully excavated colonial sites are in Spain, Sicily, Sardinia and Tunisia. The sites of many Phoenician cities, like Sidon and Tyre, by contrast, are still occupied, unavailable to archaeology except in highly restricted chance sites, usually much disturbed. Sarepta〔Identification of the site is secured by inscriptions that include a stamp-seal with the name of Sarepta.〕 is the exception, the one Phoenician city in the heartland of the culture that has been unearthed and thoroughly studied.
==History==
Sarepta is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the 14th century BCE (Chabas, ''Voyage d'un Egyptien'', 1866, pp 20, 161, 163). Obadiah says it was the northern boundary of Canaan (Obadiah 1:20): “And the exiles of this host of the sons of Israel who are among the Canaanites as far as ''Zarephath'' (Heb. צרפת), and the exiles of Jerusalem who are in Sepharad, will possess the cities of the south.” The medieval lexicographer, David ben Abraham Al-Alfāsī, identifies ''Zarephath'' with the city of Ṣarfend (Judeo-Arabic: צרפנדה).〔The Hebrew-Arabic Dictionary known as "Kitāb Jāmi' Al-Alfāẓ (Agron)," p. xxxviii, pub. by Solomon L. Skoss, 1936 Yale University〕 Originally Sidonian, the town passed to the Tyrians after the invasion of Shalmaneser IV, 722 BCE. It fell to Sennacherib in 701.
The first Books of Kings (17:8-24) describes the city as being subject to Sidon in the time of Ahab, and says that the prophet Elijah, after leaving the brook Cherith, multiplied the meal and oil of the widow of Zarephath (Sarepta) and raised her son from the dead there, an incident also referred to by Jesus in Luke's Gospel.〔Luke 4:26〕
Zarephath (צרפת ṣārĕfáṯ, tsarfát; Σάρεπτα, Sárepta) in Hebrew became the eponym for any smelter or forge, or metalworking shop. In the 1st century CE, the Roman Sarepta, a port about a kilometer to the south〔Designated Area I, it was excavated in 1969-70.〕 is mentioned by Josephus, in ''Jewish Antiquities'' (Book VIII, xiii:2) and by Pliny, in ''Natural History'' (Book V, 17).
Sarepta as a Christian city was mentioned in the ''Itinerarium Burdigalense''; the ''Onomasticon'' of Eusebius and in Jerome; by Theodosius and Pseudo-Antoninus who, in the 6th century call it a small town, but very Christian.〔Geyer, ''Intinera hierosolymitana'', Vienna, 1898, 18, 147, 150〕 It contained at that time a church dedicated to St. Elias (Elijah). The ''Notitia episcopatuum'', a list of bishoprics made in Antioch in the 6th century, speaks of Sarepta as a suffragan see of Tyre; none of its bishops are known.
Sarepta is the location of a Shia shrine to Abu Dhar al-Ghifari, a Companion of Muhammad. The shrine is believed to have been built at least several centuries after Abu Dhar's death.
After the Islamization of the area, in 1185, the Greek monk Phocas, making a gazetteer of the Holy Land (''De locis sanctis'', 7), found the town almost in its ancient condition. A century later, according to Burchard of Mount Sion, it was in ruins and contained only seven or eight houses.〔Monachus Borchardus, Descriptio Terrae sanctae, et regionum finitarum, vol. 2, pp. 9, 1593〕 Even after the Crusaders' kingdoms had collapsed, the Roman Catholic Church continued to appoint purely titular bishops of Sarepta, the most noted being Thomas of Wroclaw who held the post from 1350 until 1378.
〔Piotr Górecki, Parishes, Tithes and Society in Earlier Medieval Poland c. 1100-c. 1250, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. i-ix+1-146, 1993〕

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