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Ruptiliocarpon
''Ruptiliocarpon'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Lepidobotryaceae.〔 Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). 〕 The genus has only one species, ''Ruptiliocarpon caracolito''.〔 Klaus Kubitzky. "Lepidobotryaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VI. Springer-Verlag: Berlin,Heidelberg, Germany (2004). 〕 It is a tall tree that grows in several small isolated areas of central and South America. It is known from Costa Rica, Colombia, Peru, and Suriname. It is locally common on hillsides and other well-drained areas, often in red clay, from near sea level to 400 meters in elevation.
The seed is surrounded by two endocarps which fall away and litter the ground below. To those who live where it grows, it is known as cedro caracolito, the "little snail cedar", because the larger of the two endocarps resembles a small shell. The wood of ''Ruptiliocarpon'' is light and used in cabinet-making, but is often overlooked by wood harvesters.〔Hammel, 1993〕〔Barry E. Hammel and Nelson A. Zamora (1993). "''Ruptiliocarpon''(Lepidobotryaceae): A New Arborescent Genus and Tropical American Link to Africa, with a Reconsideration of the Family". ''Novon'' 3(4):408-417.〕
== Taxonomic history ==
''Ruptiliocarpon'' was named and described by Barry Hammel and Nelson Zamora in the journal Novon in 1993.〔 They saw that it was a close relative of ''Lepidobotrys'' and made it the second member of Lepidobotryaceae. In the same paper, they wrote a reassessment of the family.
Novon published two other studies of ''Ruptiliocarpon'' in the same issue. They confirmed that ''Ruptiliocarpon'' was closely related to ''Lepidobotrys'', but came to no firm conclusions on the relationships of this pair to other groups of rosids. One study found that the wood anatomy of ''Ruptiliocarpon'' was very much like that of ''Lepidobotrys'' and shared some traits with the wood anatomy of ''Trichilia'', a member of the family Meliaceae.〔Alberta M.W. Mennega (1993). "Comparative Wood Anatomy of ''Ruptiliocarpon caracolito'' (Lepidobotryaceae)". ''Novon'' 3(4):418-422.〕 The wood of ''Ruptiliocarpon'' was different from the wood of all others that it was compared to in having vestured pits on the walls of its xylem cells. Another study found some similarities in flower structure with Meliaceae, but also found that ovule and seed morphology suggested a relationship with Phyllanthaceae, a family that the authors did not consider to be separate from Euphorbiaceae.〔Hiroshi Tobe and Barry E. Hammel (1993). "Floral Morphology, Embryology, and Seed Anatomy of ''Ruptiliocarpon caracolito'' (Lepidobotryaceae)". ''Novon'' 3(4):423-428.〕
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