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Suriname (, or , also spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname ((オランダ語:Republiek Suriname), (:ˌreːpyˈblik ˌsyːriˈnaːmə)), is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south. At just under , it is the smallest country in South America. Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000,〔 most of whom live on the country's north coast, in and around the capital and largest city, Paramaribo. Originally inhabited by a number of indigenous tribes, Suriname was explored and contested by European powers before coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century. Dutch Guiana remained a plantation colony until 1954, when it became one of the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, with equal status to the Netherlands and the Netherlands Antilles. On 25 November 1975, the country of Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an independent state, nonetheless maintaining close economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties to its former colonizer. Suriname is considered to be a culturally Caribbean country, and is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Suriname is a mostly Dutch-speaking country; Sranan, an English-based creole language, is a widely used ''lingua franca''. It is the only independent entity in the Americas where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population. The people of Suriname are among the most diverse in the world, spanning a multitude of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups. == Etymology == This area was occupied by various cultures of indigenous peoples long before European contact. The name ''Suriname'' may derive from a Taino (Arawak-speaking) indigenous people called ''Surinen,'' who inhabited the area at the time of European contact.〔"Suriname", ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica'', Volume 5. Edition 15, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2002, p. 547〕 British settlers, who founded the first European colony at Marshall's Creek along the Suriname River, spelled the name as "Surinam". When the territory was taken over by the Dutch, it became part of a group of colonies known as Dutch Guiana. The official spelling of the country's English name was changed from "Surinam" to "Suriname" in January 1978, but "Surinam" can still be found in English. A notable example is Suriname's national airline, Surinam Airways. The older English name is reflected in the English pronunciation, or . In Dutch, the official language of Suriname, the pronunciation is (:ˌsyriˈnaːmə), with the main stress on the third syllable and a schwa terminal vowel. == History == (詳細はArawaks, a nomadic coastal tribe that lived from hunting and fishing. They were the first inhabitants in the area. The Caribs also settled in the area and conquered the Arawaks using their sailing ships. They settled in Galibi (Kupali Yumï, meaning "tree of the forefathers") on the mouth of the Marowijne River. While the larger Arawak and Carib tribes lived off the coast and savanna, smaller groups of indigenous peoples lived in the inland rainforest, such as the Akurio, Trió, Warrau, and Wayana. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suriname」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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