|
The Pyralidae or snout moths are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Munroe & Solis, in Kristensen (1999) retains the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea. ==Relationship with humans== Most of these small moths are inconspicuous and of no particular significance to humans. Some are more notable, however. Perhaps the most familiar are waxworms, which are the caterpillar larvae of the greater (''Galleria mellonella'') and lesser (''Achroia grisella'') wax moths (subfamily Galleriinae). They are natively pests of beehives, but are bred indoors in enormous numbers as live food for small reptile and bird pets and similar animals. They are also used as fishing bait for trout fishing. Other notable snout moths are primarily relevant due to their larval food choices. Examples include: * Alligatorweed stem borer (''Arcola malloi'': Phycitinae) – biological control of alligatorweed (''Alternanthera philoxeroides'') * Almond moth (''Cadra cautella'': Phycitinae) – pest of stored cereals and dry fruit; now introduced almost world-wide * Cacao moth, tobacco moth, warehouse moth (''Ephestia elutella'': Phycitinae) – pest of stored dry vegetable products; Europe, introduced to some other regions (e.g. Australia) * Dried fruit moth (''Cadra calidella'': Phycitinae) * Locust bean moth (''Ectomyelois ceratoniae'': Phycitinae) * ''Etiella behrii'' (Phycitinae) – pest of stored legumes; Southeast Asia and Australia * "Flour moths" – pests of stored grains, spices, flour, and similar dry vegetable products; now introduced almost world-wide * * Indian mealmoth (''Plodia interpunctella'': Phycitinae) * * Mediterranean flour moth, Indian flour moth (''Ephestia kuehniella'': Phycitinae) * Grease moth (''Aglossa pinguinalis'': Pyralinae) – pest of suet and other oily food * Lesser cornstalk borer (''Elasmopalpus lignosellus'': Phycitinae) – stalk pest of corn (''Zea mays''); tropical and subtropical Americas, introduced to the Hawaiian Islands * Mahogany webworm (''Macalla thyrsisalis'': Epipaschiinae) – defoliator pest of mahogany trees (''Swietenia''); Neotropics * Meal moth (''Pyralis farinalis'': Pyralinae) – pest of stored grain, flour and other cereals; now introduced almost world-wide * Pear fruit borer (''Pempelia heringii'': Phycitinae) – pest of apple and pear fruits; East Asia, introduced to the Hawaiian Islands * Pine webworm (''Pococera robustella'': Epipaschiinae) – defoliator pest of pines (''Pinus''); North America east of Great Lakes region * Raisin moth (''Cadra figulilella'': Phycitinae) – pests of stored dry fruit; now introduced almost world-wide * Rice moth (''Corcyra cephalonica'': Galleriinae) – pest of stored grain, flour and other cereals * South American cactus moth (''Cactoblastis cactorum'': Phycitinae) – biological control of prickly pears (''Opuntia'') * Southern pine coneworm, "pitch moth" (''Dioryctria amatella'': Phycitinae) – cone and shoot pest of pines (''Pinus''); southern North America * Stored nut moth (''Paralipsa gularis'': Galleriinae) – pest of stored nuts and drupes; Southeast Asia, introduced to Western Europe * Sunflower moth (''Homoeosoma nebulella'': Phycitinae) – pest of sunflower seeds; Europe and surrounding regions The European corn borer (''Ostrinia nubilalis'') and southern cornstalk borer (''Diatraea crambidoides''), formerly considered snout moths, are placed in the Crambidae which, as noted above, are usually regarded as a separate family today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pyralidae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|