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Prakṛti , also Prakṛiti or Prakṛuti (from Sanskrit language प्रकृति, prakṛti), means "nature".〔Esoteric anatomy: the body as consciousness By Bruce Burger, (North Atlantic Books : 1998) Page 168〕 It is, according to Hinduism, the basic nature of intelligence by which the Universe exists and functions. It is described in ''Bhagavad Gita'' as the "primal motive force". It is the essential constituent of the universe and is at the basis of all the activity of the creation.〔Maharishi Mahesh Yogi on the Bhagavad-Gita, a New Translation and Commentary, Chapter 1-6. Penguin Books, 1969, p. 220〕 The one god mentioned in the Vedas has two main parts, Prakrti and Purush, and all gods which Hindus worship are just an instance of the Purush while goddesses are instances of Prakrti (sometimes called Adi-Shakti). According to Samkhya and the Bhagavad Gita Prakrti or Nature is composed of the three gunas which are tendencies or modes of operation, known as sattva (creation), rajas (preservation), and tamas, (destruction) 〔Autobiography Of A Yogi, Paramahansa Yogananda, Self Realization Fellowship, 1973, p.22〕 Sattva encompasses qualities of goodness, light, and harmony.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=a-Oh_-rK5SQC&pg=PA221&dq=prakriti&lr=&ei=v3_zSdPwI4W-NsqwscEJ&hl=En The Bhagavad Gita, Eknath Easwaran, P.221., 2007.〕 According to the Yoga Vasistha, people who are of a sattvic nature and whose activities are mainly based on sattva, will tend to seek answers regarding the origin and truth of material life. With proper support they are likely to reach liberation.〔The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha, Swami Venkatesananda, 1984, p.161〕 Rajas is associated with concepts of energy, activity, ambition, and passion; so that, depending on how it is used, it can either have a supportive or hindering effect on the evolution of the soul.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=a-Oh_-rK5SQC&pg=PA221&dq=prakriti&lr=&ei=v3_zSdPwI4W-NsqwscEJ&hl=En The Bhagavad Gita, Eknath Easwaran, P.221., 2007.〕 Tamas is commonly associated with inertia, darkness, insensitivity.〔id〕 Souls who are more tamasic are considered imbued in darkness and take the longest to reach liberation.〔The Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha, Swami Venkatesananda, 1984, p.94〕 Prakriti is closely associated with the concept of Maya within Vedic scripture.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=rAorcEA7j4QC&pg=PA40&dq=Prakriti++maia&lr=&ei=vdbwSY_oNor0ygTsq_ieCw Preceptos de Perfección, Discípulos de Ramakrishna, p 40.〕 Mulaprakruti can be translated as "the root of nature" or "root of Prakruti";〔https://books.google.com/books?id=-LNkFPM_Xr8C&pg=PA30&dq=mulaprakriti&ei=7or3SY3qGI6gMt7wwY8E The Physics of the Secret Doctrine, William Kingsland, 1996, p. 39〕 it is a closer definition of 'fundamental matter'; and is often defined as the essence of matter, that aspect of the Absolute which underlines all the objective aspects of Nature.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=3pwHAROOAIIC&pg=PA287&dq=mulaprakriti&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=VZD3Sa6MFpPMNZn8xNkD '' Systematic Studies in the "Secret Doctrine", The theosophical quarterly, 1906, p.287〕 While plain Prakruti encompasses classical earth element, i.e. solid matter, Mulaprakruti includes any and all classical elements, including any considered not discovered yet (some tattvas.)〔https://books.google.com/books?id=S3BXsFJ5aZYC&pg=PA364&dq=Mulaprakriti&ei=iKTwSePIGomqMr70nccJ Thinking and Destiny, Harold W. Percival, 2002, p.364〕 Devi prakruti ''shakti'' in the context of shaktis as forces unifies kundalini, kriya, itcha, para, jnana and mantrika shaktis. Each is in a chakra.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=Gg8fAAAAIAAJ&dq=Devi+Prakriti++unify+chakra.&lr=&ei=USTxSdjPMJbyygSfmKSpCw Ananda lahari: The blissful wave of Sri Sankaracharya, Śaṅkarācārya, Sivananda, Boris Sacharow, 1949 (page unavailable).〕 Prakruti also means nature.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=CJFdkkGSV8gC&pg=PA110&dq=Prakriti+means+nature&lr=&ei=JDvxSY2cNp6GyAT1q4yfCw River of love in an age of pollution, David L. Haberman, 2006, p.110.〕 Nature can be described as environment.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=1UhuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nature+means+environment+prakriti&dq=Nature+means+environment+prakriti&lr=&ei=GT3xSZ-4FIXGzASWloz8Cg&pgis=1 Life and Times of Netaji Subhas: The seeds of a Vedantic revolutionary, Adwaita P. Ganguly, 2000, P. 91.〕 It can also be used to denote the 'feminine' in sense of the 'male' being the purusha. Prakriti also means health in Marathi. According to the ancient vedic science of Ayurveda, the three gunas (sattva, rajas and tamas) as they pertain to the human physiology are called doshas: kapha, pitta, vata.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=gtUzXzASJ9oC&pg=PA66&dq=gunas+doshas:+kapha,+pitta,+vata&lr=&ei=sT7xSbfMMIeyyQSAwZ2JCw&client=firefox-a Encyclopaedia of Indian Medicine, Parameshvara, S.R. Sudarshan, Saligrama Krishna, 1999, P.66.〕 The balance or imbalance of these doshas defines the ''prakriti'' or nature of one's body.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=I8P2eq6YGPkC&pg=PT47&dq=doshas+define+prakriti&ei=_j_xScbMKIiCzATWo626Dw&client=firefox-a The essential guide to holistic and complementary therapy, Helen Beckman, 2005, p.35〕 ==See also== * Akasha * Ayurveda * Bhagavad Gita * Dvaita * Hinduism * Sankhya * Sanskrit 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prakṛti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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