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''Ponthieva'' (commonly called shadow witch) is a genus form the orchid family (Orchidaceae).〔Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2003). Genera Orchidacearum 3: 1-358. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.〕 They are named after Henry de Ponthieu, an English merchant of Huguenot ancestry who sent West Indian plant collections to Sir Joseph Banks in 1778. ''Ponthieva'' is widely distributed in the southeastern United States, the West Indies, and Latin America from Mexico to Argentina.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(Flora of North America v 26 p 547, ''Ponthieva'' R. Brown, Hortus Kew. 5: 199. 1813. )〕〔(Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, genus ''Ponthieva'' )〕〔Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro〕〔Carnevali F., G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Jiménez-Machorro, L. Sánchez-Saldaña, L. Ibarra-González, I. M. Ramírez & M. P. Gómez. 2001. Notes on the flora of the Yucatan Peninsula II: a synopsis of the orchid flora of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula and a tentative checklist of the Orchidaceae of the Yucatan Peninsula biotic province. Harvard Papers in Botany 5(2): 383–466.〕 They are mainly terrestrial plants with sympodial growth, but some are epiphytes. Their fibrous root show long and soft hairs. Some of the branches are thickened. The simple stem grows from rhizomes and carries thin, basal leaves with a slight to a somewhat longer stalk. The few to many, erect flowers grow on bracteate peduncles in a terminal raceme. Their dorsal sepal is slightly joined to the petals at the apex. The petals are free or sometimes fused to lower flanks of the column. The lateral sepals are distinct or joined.〔 The clawed lip is fused to the base of the short column. This is semiterete, i.e. in the form of a cylinder, rounded on one side and flat on the other. It is slightly winged towards the pointed apex.〔 There are four, yellow, club-shaped pollinia that are joined in pairs.〔 == Species == Species accepted as of June 2014:〔 # ''Ponthieva andicola'' Rchb.f. (1876) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva appendiculata'' Schltr. (1915) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva bicornuta'' C.Schweinf. (1951) (Peru) # ''Ponthieva brenesii'' Schltr. (1923) (Costa Rica, Panama) # ''Ponthieva brittoniae'' Ames (1910) : Britton’s Shadow Witch (Florida, Bahamas, Cuba) # ''Ponthieva campestris'' (Liebm.) Garay (1995) (Mexico) # ''Ponthieva collantesii'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson (1998) (Peru) # ''Ponthieva cornuta'' Rchb.f. (1876) (Bolivia) # ''Ponthieva curvilabia'' Garay (1978) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva cuyujana'' Dodson & Hirtz (1989) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva diptera'' Linden & Rchb.f. (1854) : Two-winged Ponthieva (Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva disema'' Schltr. (1915) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva dunstervillei'' Foldats (1968) (Venezuela) # ''Ponthieva elegans'' (Kraenzl.) Schltr. (1912) (Bolivia) # ''Ponthieva ephippium'' Rchb.f. (1857) (Mexico, Guatemala) # ''Ponthieva fertilis'' (F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Salazar (2009) (Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva formosa'' Schltr. (1923) (Mexico, Central America) # ''Ponthieva garayana'' Dodson & R.Vásquez (1989) (Bolivia) # ''Ponthieva gimana'' Dodson (2003) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva gracilis'' Renz (1948) (Colombia) # ''Ponthieva hameri'' Dressler (1998) (El Salvador) # ''Ponthieva hassleri'' Schltr. (1920) (Paraguay) # ''Ponthieva hildae'' R.González & Soltero (1991) (Mexico) # ''Ponthieva inaudita'' Rchb.f. (1876) : Unheard Ponthieva (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva insularis'' Dressler (2005) (Galapagos Islands) # ''Ponthieva keraia'' Garay & Dunst. (1976) (Venezuela, Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva lilacina'' C.Schweinf. (1941) (Peru) # ''Ponthieva maculata'' Lindl. (1845) : Spotted Ponthieva (Venezuela, Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva mandonii'' Rchb.f. (1878) (Peru to NW Argentina) # ''Ponthieva mexicana'' (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Salazar (2009) (Mexico, Guatemala) # ''Ponthieva microglossa'' Schltr. (1920) (Colombia) # ''Ponthieva nigricans'' Schltr. (1917) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva oligoneura'' Schltr. (1921) (Peru) # ''Ponthieva ovatilabia'' C.Schweinf. (1961) (Venezuela, Guyana) # ''Ponthieva parvilabris'' (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (1878) : Small-lipped Ponthieva (Venezuela, Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva parvula'' Schltr. (1912) (Mexico, Guatemala) # ''Ponthieva pauciflora'' (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle (1910) (Caribbean) # ''Ponthieva petiolata'' Lindl., Bot. Reg. 9: t. 760 (1824) (Lesser Antiles) # ''Ponthieva phaenoleuca'' (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.) (1895) (Brazil) # ''Ponthieva pilosissima'' (Senghas) Dodson (1996) : Hairy Ponthieva (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva pseudoracemosa'' Garay (1978) (Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva pubescens'' (C.Presl) C.Schweinf. (1970) (Ecuador, Peru, Brazil) # ''Ponthieva pulchella'' Schltr. (1918) (Mexico, Guatemala) # ''Ponthieva racemosa'' (Walter) C.Mohr : Hairy Shadow Witch, Racemose Ponthieva (SE USA, Mexico, tropical America) # ''Ponthieva rinconii'' Salazar (2005) (Mexico) # ''Ponthieva rostrata'' Lindl. (1845) (Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva schaffneri'' (Rchb.f.) E.W.Greenw. (1990) (Mexico, Guatemala) # ''Ponthieva similis'' C.Schweinf. (1941) (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva sprucei'' Cogn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.) (1895) (Peru) # ''Ponthieva sylvicola'' Rchb.f. (1876) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva triloba'' Schltr. (1910) : Three-lobed Lip Ponthieva (Mexico, El Salvador) # ''Ponthieva trilobata'' (L.O.Williams) L.O.Williams (1972) (Mexico, Guatemala) # ''Ponthieva tuerckheimii'' Schltr. (1906) (Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama) # ''Ponthieva tunguraguae'' Garay (1978) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva unguiculata'' Ames & C.Schweinf. (1925) (Bolivia) # ''Ponthieva vasquezii'' Dodson (1989) (Bolivia) # ''Ponthieva ventricosa'' (Griseb.) Fawc. & Rendle (1910) : Smooth Shadow Witch (Caribbean) # ''Ponthieva venusta'' Schltr. (1921) (Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva villosa'' Lindl. in G.Bentham (1845) (Ecuador, Peru) # ''Ponthieva viridilimbata'' Dressler (2005) (Ecuador) # ''Ponthieva weberbaueri'' Schltr. (1921) (Peru) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ponthieva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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