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Pomaks
Pomaks ((ブルガリア語:Помаци ''Pomatsi''), (ギリシア語:Πομάκοι ''Pomáki''), (トルコ語:Pomaklar)) is an abbreviation used for Slavic Muslims who are indigenous to Bulgaria, Northern Greece, Turkey, Albania, Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo.〔〔〔〔〔("Muslim lives in Eastern Europe: gender, ethnicity, and the transformation of Islam in post-socialist Bulgaria", ''Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics'', Author Kristen Rogheh Ghodsee, Publisher Princeton University Press, 2009, ISBN 0-691-13955-5, p. 38. )〕〔(Dismembering the state: the death of Yugoslavia and why it matters, Author P. H. Liotta, Publisher Lexington Books, 2001, ISBN 0-7391-0212-5, p. 246. )〕〔(''Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia, Ethnic Groups of the World'', Author Jeffrey Cole, Publisher ABC-CLIO, 2011, ISBN 1-59884-302-8, p. 288. )〕 Because the Pomaks speak Bulgarian as their native language, also referred to in Greece and Turkey as Pomak language, they are often defined as Slavic Muslims. Many Pomaks outside Bulgaria are also fluent in other languages: Albanian in Albania, Greek in Greece and Turkish in Turkey and Greece. In the latter two countries, especially in Turkey many are increasingly adopting Turkish as their first language as a result of education and family links with the Turkish people.〔() THE POMAKS, Report - Greek Helsinki Monitor〕〔(''The World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples'' )〕 The origin of the Pomaks has been debated,〔Vemund Aarbakke, The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace, University of Bergen, Bergen, 2000, pp.5 and 12 (pp. 27 and 34 in the pdf file). ()〕〔Olga Demetriou, "Prioritizing 'ethnicities': The uncertainty of Pomak-ness in the urban Greek Rhodoppe", in ''Ethnic and Racial Studies'', Vol. 27, No. 1, January 2004, pp.106-107 (pp. 12-13 in the pdf file). ()〕 by some sources they are considered descendants of native Bulgarians or Slavs who converted to Islam during the Ottoman rule of the Balkans.〔''The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict'' (1993), Minority Rights Publication, by Hugh Poulton, p. 111.〕〔Richard V. Weekes; ''Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey'', Volume 1; 1984; (p.612 )〕〔Raju G. C. Thomas; Yugoslavia unraveled: sovereignty, self-determination, intervention; 2003, (p.105 )〕〔R. J. Crampton, Bulgaria, 2007, p.8〕〔Janusz Bugajski, Ethnic politics in Eastern Europe: a guide to nationality policies, organizations, and parties; 1995, (p.237 )〕
Officially there are not any people recorded as Pomaks in the ethnic sense because according to the national censuses there are not any people, recorded ethnically as Pomaks, and the abbreviation is used as a slang for eastern South Slavic Muslims, while the abbreviation "Pomak" is considered formerly delibatory.〔 However, it should be noted that in Greece and Turkey the practice for declaring the ethnic group at census has been abolished for decades. Different members of the group today declare a variety of ethnic identities: Bulgarian,〔http://www.nsi.bg/Census/StrReligion.htm〕〔Muslim identity and the Balkan State; Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki; 1997, p. 102〕 Pomak,〔(Interview With Mr. Damjan Iskrenov
* and Mr. Shikir Bujukov
* from the Village of Kochan – Pomaks from Chech, Western Rodop Mountains (Pirin Part of Macedonia), R. of Bulgaria )〕〔(READING ROOM 3: Raw deal for the Pomaks )〕〔(Помаците искат да бъдат признати като етнос )〕 Muslim,〔(''Histories and Identities: Nation-state and Minority Discourses. The Case of the Bulgarian Pomaks'' ). Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Graz〕 Turkish, Albanian and others.
== Population ==
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