|
The Patawomeck tribe of Virginia Indians is based in Stafford County, Virginia, along the Potomac River (''Patawomeck'' is another spelling of Potomac). It is one of Virginia's 11 recognized Native American tribes.〔(Patawomeck Indian Tribe; General Assembly to extend state recognition & representation on VCI. (HJ150) )〕 It is not federally recognized. It achieved state recognition in February 2010,〔(Danielle Moretti-Langholtz, Ph.D., ''A Study of Virginia Indians and Jamestown: The First Century'', "Chapter 2: Research Design" ), National Park Service, 2006, accessed 16 Mar 2010〕〔(Patawomeck Indian Tribe General Assembly to extend state recognition & representation on Virginia Council on Indians. (HJ150) ), Richmond Sunlight〕 aided by anthropology research conducted by the College of William and Mary.〔 In the 17th century, at the time of early English colonization, the Patawomeck tribe was a "fringe" component of the Powhatan Confederacy. At times it was allied with others in the confederacy, and at others, the Patawomeck allied with the English colonists. Today the tribe numbers approximately 1,500 members. Eighty percent live within ten miles (16 km) of their historic village of Patawomeck. They are undertaking to revive their historic Algonquian language. ==History== For thousands of years various cultures of indigenous peoples succeeded each other, living along the Potomac River and its tributaries in the coastal area. Archeological excavations have yielded much data about the prehistoric early cultures. At Indian Point on Potomac Creek, for instance, part of the later Patawomeck area, archeological excavations in the 1930s revealed a Native American burial ground (Potomac Creek, 44ST2). Researchers donated 134 skeletons from the grounds to the Smithsonian Institution. Now that the Patawomeck tribe has been recognized by the state, they may undertake claiming the remains for repatriation and burial under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), though a tribe has to be federally recognized to utilize NAGPRA without extra petitioning.〔(Linda Wheeler, "Modern Lives Dwell in the Indian Past" ), ''The Washington Post'', 20 Oct 2002, accessed 16 Mar 2010〕〔(National NAGPRA Frequently Asked Questions ), National NAGPRA, accessed 16 March 2010〕 More recently, a 1996 archeological study by the College of William and Mary revealed Native American artifacts dating back to the 15th century. More than 10,000 artifacts were recovered, mostly pottery sherds of the "wrapped-cord type" common among local indigenous people. While the ancient village site is protected under historic preservation laws, the land is being steadily eroded by the creek.〔 The coastal peoples were part of the Algonquian-speaking language family that coalesced into differentiated tribes from present-day New England into the southern states. The historical Patawomeck tribe formed as one of 32 Algonquian-speaking peoples in the Tidewater area of present-day Virginia. They were loosely allied with the powerful Powhatan Confederacy. They were an agricultural people, cultivating varieties of maize. They also relied on hunting, fishing and gathering resources from their rich environment. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Patawomeck」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|