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Pará
Pará ((:paˈɾa)) is a state in northern Brazil traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of (clockwise from north) Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest it also borders Guyana and Suriname, and to the northeast it borders the Atlantic Ocean. The capital and largest city is Belém, located at the mouth of the Amazon at the Atlantic Ocean and the 11th most populous city in the country.
Pará is the most populous state of the northern region, with a population of over 7.5 million, being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil.〔http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2009/POP2009_DOU.pdf〕 It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area, with 1,2 million km², second only to Amazonas upriver. Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest. Pará produces rubber (extracted from natural rubber tree groves), tropical hardwoods such as mahogany, and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite. A new commodity crop is soy, cultivated in the region of Santarém.
Every October, Belém receives tens of thousands of tourists for the year's most important religious celebration, the procession of the Círio de Nazaré. Another important attraction of the capital is the Marajó-style ceramics, based on pottery from the extinct Marajó indigenous culture. These designs have gained considerable international fame and increased international awareness.
==History==
The Portuguese colonization in Pará State first occurred in 1616, with the foundation of Presépio Fortress, known today as Castle Fortress, at Guajará bay. The city of Belém developed around this fortress. Before that, the region had been invaded many times by the Dutch and the English explorers and traders, seeking pepper; guaraná, a tree from which a powder is produced and used as a stimulant; and annato seeds, a fruit used for cooking, as a sunscreen and also for the extraction of dye.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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