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The ''Organon'' (Greek: Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") is the standard collection of Aristotle's six works on logic. The name ''Organon'' was given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics. They are as follows: == Constitution of the texts == The order of the works is not chronological (which is now hard to determine) but was deliberately chosen by Theophrastus to constitute a well-structured system. Indeed, parts of them seem to be a scheme of a lecture on logic. The arrangement of the works was made by Andronicus of Rhodes around 40 BC. Aristotle's ''Metaphysics'' has some points of overlap with the works making up the ''Organon'' but is not traditionally considered part of it; additionally there are works on logic attributed, with varying degrees of plausibility, to Aristotle that were not known to the Peripatetics. *The ''Categories'' (Latin: ''Categoriae'') introduces Aristotle's 10-fold classification of that which exists: substance, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, situation, condition, action, and passion. *''On Interpretation'' (Latin:''De Interpretatione'', Greek ''Perihermenias'') introduces Aristotle's conception of proposition and judgment, and the various relations between affirmative, negative, universal, and particular propositions. Aristotle discusses the square of opposition or square of Apuleius in Chapter 7 and its appendix Chapter 8. Chapter 9 deals with the problem of future contingents. *The ''Prior Analytics'' (Latin: ''Analytica Priora'') introduces his syllogistic method (see term logic), argues for its correctness, and discusses inductive inference. *The ''Posterior Analytics'' (Latin: ''Analytica Posteriora'') deals with demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge. *The ''Topics'' (Latin: ''Topica'') treats issues in constructing valid arguments, and inference that is probable, rather than certain. It is in this treatise that Aristotle mentions the Predicables, later discussed by Porphyry and the scholastic logicians. *The ''Sophistical Refutations'' (Latin: ''De Sophisticis Elenchis'') gives a treatment of logical fallacies, and provides a key link to Aristotle's work on rhetoric. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Organon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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